أفضل تقويم العظام أطباء الأسنان في تركيا - توب -48 أطباء

الخبرة الطبية

2016 - حتى الآن

مستشفى شيشلي التذكاري

طبيب أسنان/اسطنبول

2009 - 2016

مركز ميموريال سوادي الطبي

طبيب أسنان/اسطنبول

2000 - 2009

عيادة خاصة

طبيب أسنان/اسطنبول

التعليم الطبي

1992 - 1997

جامعة إيجي

كلية طب الأسنان / إزمير، تركيا

الجمعيات المهنية

ندوة تدريب الأطراف الاصطناعية 1997

مؤتمر طب الأسنان TDB 2002 / 2003 / 2004/2006

مؤتمر TDBCentury في طب الأسنان العلمي

المؤتمر العلمي والمعرض الدولي السادس لغرف أطباء الأسنان في منطقة بحر إيجة 2006

المؤتمر العلمي الدولي السادس لغرف أطباء الأسنان في منطقة بحر إيجة والمعرض الدولي لدورة تبييض الأسنان 2006

دورات نظرية وعملية في زراعة الأسنان إبريل 2004

دورات نظرية وعملية في زراعة الأسنان مارس 2004

مؤتمر EDAD اسطنبول 2006

ندوة التواصل في طب الأسنان 2006

ندوة الربيع لغرفة أطباء الأسنان في أنقرة 2007، قبرص

غرفة أطباء الأسنان في أنقرة، ندوة الربيع 2008، أنطاليا

عضو في جمعية طب الأسنان التركية عضو في الفريق الدولي لزراعة الأسنان (ITI)

عضو أكاديمية طب الأسنان التجميلي

حاصل على درجة البكالوريوس من كلية طب الأسنان بجامعة الجمهورية بتخصص من نفس المؤسسة. من ذوي الخبرة في العيادات الخاصة والعيادات الخاصة ، وحضر العديد من الدورات والندوات والمؤتمرات بما في ذلك المؤتمر العلمي الدولي السابع لجامعة إسطنبول (2014) ، وقشرة الخزف المصقول في تصميم الابتسامة 2017 Vesta Akademi ، International Tdb 2017 Dental Scientific Congress ، International Tdb 2018 Dental المؤتمر العلمي ، المؤتمر العلمي العالمي لطب الأسنان 2017 ، مؤتمر طب الأسنان العالمي العظيم 2018 ، دورة زراعة الأسنان الأساسية التطبيقية 2016 Lykia Dent Akademi ، دورة زراعة الأسنان المتقدمة 2016 Lykia Dent Akademi ، ودورة زراعة الأسنان الأعلى 2019 Vesta Akademi.

ولدت في غازي عنتاب، تركيا. تخرجت من كلية طب الأسنان بجامعة إسطنبول أوكان عام 1998. حاليًا، أواصل دراستي العليا في قسم تقويم الأسنان في نفس الجامعة. أتابع عن كثب الابتكارات في صناعة طب الأسنان والرقمنة التي أراها كمستقبل طب الأسنان.

أطبق علاجاتي وفقًا للطرق الجديدة والحديثة.

مركز سيفريدنت هو علامة تجارية متميزة في مجال طب الأسنان تقع في قلب مدينة إسطنبول، مخصصة لتقديم خدمات طب الأسنان الشاملة بفريق دافئ وكفء. هدفنا الأساسي هو تزويد كل عميل من عملائنا بابتسامة صحية ومشرقة من خلال تقديم خدمات متخصصة في مجالات مختلفة مثل تبييض الأسنان وزراعة الأسنان وطب الأسنان التجميلي.

في Cevredent، تتمحور مهمتنا حول توفير تجربة مختلفة لكل عميل والتأكد من أنه يغادر راضيًا ومحترمًا. لتحقيق ذلك، نعمل بدقة لفهم الاحتياجات الفريدة لكل مريض وتصميم خطة العلاج الأكثر ملاءمة. في كل خطوة على الطريق، نسعى جاهدين لكسب ثقة وراحة عملائنا الكرام.

دكتور هو متخصص ذو تعليم عالٍ وحاصل على تعليم طبي من جامعة SGU في روسيا وتعليم طب الأسنان من جامعة Ege في تركيا. متخصص في زراعة الأسنان وتجميل الأسنان والعديد من العلاجات الأخرى ، وقد حضر الطبيب العديد من الندوات والمؤتمرات والدورات لتعزيز خبراتهم.

دكتور هو خريج جامعة إيج ، كلية طب الأسنان (2003-2009) ولديه خبرة في علاجات زراعة الأسنان عالية التقنية ، الكل في 4/6/2 ، جماليات الأسنان ، ابتسامة هوليوود ، تصميم الابتسامة ، القشرة الخشبية ، الزركونيا التيجان والجراحة وتبييض الأسنان وحشو الأسنان وقنوات الجذور وحضر العديد من الندوات والمؤتمرات والدورات.

Dr. Direnç Ulaşan

I was born in 1985 in Konya, a city renowned for Mevlana Jalaluddin Rumi. I completed my secondary education at Meram Anatolian High School in 2003, after which I began my studies at Ankara University Faculty of Dentistry. Following a five-year undergraduate program, I pursued a specialization in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery at the same faculty, undertaking an additional five years of focused training. During the last two years of my specialization, I completed rotations in General Surgery, Otolaryngology, and Anesthesia. Throughout this period, I conducted extensive work in immediate implantology, and my PhD research focused on immediate and short implants.

Following this period, I established Milim Dental Hospital, where I currently lead a dedicated team of 30 professionals, including 9 doctors. Milim Dental Hospital holds the distinction of being Turkey’s first Ministry of Health-approved and internationally accredited health tourism organization. Our institution specializes extensively in procedures such as All-on-4, All-on-6, and zygomatic implants, as well as Hollywood Smile transformations. We maintain an active presence on social media, utilizing platforms like Instagram and TikTok to connect with and inform our audience. For further insights, please feel free to explore Milim Dental’s Instagram page.

I am a member of the Turkish Dental Association, the Bursa Dental Association, the Turkish Society of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (AÇBİD), Archbit, the International Team for Implantology (ITI), and the Turkish Young Businessmen Association (TÜGİAD). These memberships, along with my certifications, reflect my commitment to staying at the forefront of dental advancements and my dedication to professional growth within the field.

I reside in Bursa, a lush, green city known as the first capital of the Ottoman Empire, located just a one-hour drive from Istanbul. Here, I established Milim Dental Hospital with the purpose of offering patients a truly personalized experience in an exclusive environment. Our treatment packages not only address patients’ dental needs but also fulfill the “vacation” aspect of a Dental Holiday. Bursa offers a unique combination of natural beauty and cultural heritage—patients can ski on Mount Uludağ and swim in the sea at Mudanya, an ancient Greek village, all within the same day. The city is also a gastronomic hub and a destination of cultural significance, famously visited by Queen Elizabeth. Additionally, Iznik, renowned for its historical importance, is a short trip away within Bursa. With our VIP transfers and guides, patients can enjoy all these cultural and culinary experiences efficiently, without traffic delays, during their dental treatment’s downtime. This approach allows them to receive a niche, high-quality service that extends beyond traditional dental care.

In addition to my professional qualifications, I have extensive experience working with expatriates in Turkey and have cultivated a broad network among the international community. I am well-traveled, having visited over 30 countries, which has enriched my cultural understanding and adaptability. My frequent travels abroad and my connections with expatriates have greatly influenced my approach to providing culturally sensitive care. Additionally, my daughter was born in the United States, which further strengthens my global perspective and ease in working with individuals from diverse backgrounds.

I am married to Dr. Begüm Ulaşan, an orthodontist, and we have a young daughter. Additionally, I am a passionate collector of both books and automobiles, pursuits that complement my professional and personal life.

Experience

DentSpa Oral and Dental Health Clinic

Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon
December 2020 – Present, İstanbul/Turkey

Dentsitanbul Hospital

GOral and Maxillofacial Surgeon
May 2016 – July 2021, İstanbul/Turkey

Medipol Uni. Dept of OMFS

Ast. Prof. Dr. Member of Faculty
May 2012 – December 2015, İstanbul/Turkey

Kocaeli Uni. Dept. of OMFS

Ast. Prof. Member of Faculty
May 2009 – April 2012, Kocaeli/Turkey

Marmara Uni. Dept of OMFS

Chief Asistant
September 2007 – November 2008, İstanbul/Turkey

Education

Marmara University Dept. of OMFS

Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon
September 2002 -November 2008, İstanbul/Turkey

Marmara University Faculty of Dentistry

Dentist
September 1995 – June 2001, İstanbul/Turkey

Publications

• Gökhan Gürler, Serdar Yılmaz, Çağrı Delilbaşı, Emrah Dilaver, A. Patır Münevveroğlu. Conservative surgical treatment of the jaw cysts in children: case study of five patients. Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice, 2017, 20(9):1216-1220
• Gökhan Gürler, Serdar Yılmaz, Çağrı Delilbaşı, Merva Soluk Tekkeşin. A large mass in the mandible of an eight year old child. Selcuk Dent J. 2017, 4:101-105
• Önjen Tak, Serdar Yılmaz, Emre Özel, Meral Kavak. Five-year clinical follow-up of a patient with radicular cyst in the maxillary anterior region. European Journal of Prosthodontics. 2016, 4(1):17
• Özer N, Üçem F, Saruhanoğlu A, Yilmaz S, Tanyeri H. Removal of a maxıllary third molar dısplaced ınto pterygopalatıne fossa vıa ıntraoral approach. Balk J Stom 2012; 16:179-180
• Cilasun Ü, Sinanoğlu E.A, Yılmaz S, Güzeldemir E, Alnıaçık. An Unusual Laryngeal Complication Following Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block. G. Balk J Stom, 2012; 16:179-180
• Özkan Y, Liaje A, Şahin C, Akalın F, Yılmaz S. Subperiostal tünel tekniği ile otojen blok greft uygulamaları. Türk Dişhekimleri Dergisi, 2008, 73:134-141
• Selçuk Basa, Serdar Yılmaz, Altan Varol. Treatment of midface retrusion by maxillary distraction: comparison of rigid intraoral and extraoral distraction systems. Int. J. Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. 2007, 36(11):1001
• Basa S, Varol A, Yılmaz S. Transport distraction osteogenesis of a dentoalveolar segment in the posterior mandible: a technical note. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2007, 65(9): 1862-1864
• Altan Varol, Serdar Yılmaz, Selçuk Basa. Alveolar Distraction Osteogenesis in posterior mandibular ridges. Journal of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery. 2006, 34(1):22-23
• Serdar Yılmaz, Selçuk Basa. The case dependant alveolar reconstruction in oral implantology: Criterias for preferring between alveolar distraction osteogenesis and autogenous bone grafting. Int. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. 2005, 34(1):40
• Yılmaz S, Garip H, Akyüz S, Göker K. Süt dişi çekimi sırasında çocuk davranışlarının Frankl endeksine göre değerlendirilmesi ve bazı fiziksel bulguların saptanması. Akademik Dental, 2003, 5(4):38-44

Oral Presentations and Papers in the Congress

• Ayça Yılmaz, Serdar Yılmaz, Önjen Tak, Işıl Karagöz-Küçükay. Immediate self-replantation of an avulsed tooth and multidiciplinary management after 10-years. IADT 18th World Congress of Dental Traumatology. İstanbul, Turkey, June 2014.
• Serdar Yılmaz, Nedim Özer, Gökhan Gürler, Şükran Tüfekçioğlu, Emrah Dilaver. ‘Total Maxilary Reconstruction Using Anterior Iliac Bone Graft in Atrophic Maxilla: Two Different Techniques.’ ACBID 2014 8th International Congress, Antalya, Turkey, 28 May-1 June 2014.
• Serdar Yılmaz, Nedim Özer, Gökhan Gürler, Emrah Dilaver, Şükran Tüfekçioğlu. ‘Craniofacial Fibrous Dysplasia Threatening Airway: Case Report.’ ACBID 2014 8th International Congress, Antalya, Turkey. 28 May-1 Jube 2014.
• Serdar Yılmaz, Nazlı Altın, Emrah Dilaver, Nedim Özer. ‘Assesment of Accuracy of Preoperative Cephalometric Surgical Planning in Orthognathic Surgery.’ 21st International Conference on Oral and Maxillofaical Surgery, Barcelona, Spain, 21-24 October 2013.
• Serdar Yılmaz, Ülkem Cilasun, Ali İjya Karaman. ‘An unexpected problem during bimaxillary orthognathic surgery.’ 2nd BAMFS and 5th ACBID International Conference, Antalya, Turkey, 25-29 May 2011.
• Serdar Yılmaz, E. Alper Sinanoğlu, Ülkem Cilasun, Yeşim S Gürbüz. ‘Metastatic carcinoma of thyroid gland in inferior alveolar canal: Case Report’. 2nd BAMFS and 5th ACBID International Conference, Antalya, Turkey, 25-29 May 2011.
• Ülkem Cilasun, E. Alper Sinanoğlu, Esra Güzelpınar, Serdar Yılmaz. ‘An unusual laryngeal complication following inferior alveolar nerve block’. 2nd BAMFS and 5th ACBID International Conference, Antalya, Turkey, 25-29 May 2011.
• Ayşe Koçak Büyükdere, Esra Güzeldemir, Serdar Yılmaz. ‘Alternative Therapy for orthodontic treatment: Case Reports’. 16th Congress of the Balkan Stomatological Society, Bucherest, Romenia, 28 April- 1 May 2011.
• Ayşegül Sipahi, Altan Varol, Onur Atalı, Serdar Yılmaz, Selçuk Basa. ‘Reconstruction of the atrophic Maxilla with Interpositional Bone Grafting/Le Fort I Osteotomy and Endosteal Implants.’ 3rd ACBID International Congress, Antalya, TÜRKİYE, Turkey, 22-26 April 2009.
• Onur Atalı, Altan Varol, Ayşegül Sipahi, Serdar Yılmaz, Selçuk Basa. ‘Treatment options for skeletal anterior open bite.’ 3rd ACBID International Congress, Antalya, Turkey, 22-26 April 2009.
• Serdar Yılmaz, Nedim Özer. ‘Treatment options in dentofacial deformities.’ 3rd ACBID International Congress, Antalya, Turkey, 22-26 April 2009.
• Serdar Yılmaz, Selçuk Basa. ‘Postoperative analgesic effect of intraarticular ketamine administration after TMJ arthroscopy.’ 3rd ACBID International Congress, Antalya, Turkey, 22-26 April 2009.
• Serdar Yılmaz, Nedim Özer. ‘Surgical management of benign tumors in young children.’ 3rd ACBID International Congress, Antalya, Turkey, 22-26 April 2009.
• Altan Varol, Serdar Yılmaz, Selçuk Basa. ‘Secondary correction of posttraumatic dentofacial deformaties.’ 3rd ACBID International Congress, Antalya, Turkey, 22-26 April 2009.
• Altan Varol, Ayşegül Sipahi, Onur Atalı, Serdar Yılmaz, Selçuk Basa. ‘Actinomycotic osteomyelitis of the mandible’. 3rd ACBID International Congress, Antalya, Turkey, 22-26 April 2009.
• Ayşegül Sipahi, Altan Varol, Onur Atalı, Sedar Yılmaz, Selçuk Basa. ‘Nerve transposition and implant placement in the atrophic posterior mandibular alveolar ridge’. 3rd ACBID International Congress, Antalya, Turkey, 22-26 April 2009.
• Serdar Yılmaz, Nedim Özer. ‘Reconstruction of atrophic maxilla using onlay bone graft harvested from iliac crest: Report of two cases’. 3rd ACBID International Congress, Antalya, Turkey, 22-26 April 2009.
• Altan Varol, Serdar Yılmaz, Neslihan Türker, Selçuk Basa. ‘Endoscopically assisted transoral open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) for subcondylar fractures of the mandible’. 3rd ACBID International Congress, Antalya, Turkey, 22-26 April 2009.
• Ayşegül Sipahi, Onur Atalı, Serdar Yılmaz, Altan Varol, Selçuk Basa. ‘Correction of mandibular asymmetry in a patient with owren disease: Case report’. 1st ACBID International Congress, Antalya, Turkey, 16-20 May 2007,
• Serdar Yılmaz, Altan Varol, Ayşegül Sipahi, Onur Atalı, Selçuk Basa. ‘Tooth Injuries due to lag screw fixation in saggital split osteotomy: Case report’. 1st ACBID International Congress, Antalya, Turkey, 16-20 May 2007,
• Serdar Yılmaz, Altan Varol, Ayşegül Sipahi, Onur Atalı, Selçuk Basa. ‘Extraoral versus intraoral maxillary distraction osteogenesis: Advantages and disadvantages.’ 1st ACBID International Congress, Antalya, Turkey, 16-20 May 2007,
• Onur Atalı, Ayşegül Sipahi, Serdar Yılmaz, Altan Varol, Selçuk Basa. ‘Blood Transfusion assesstment in orthognathic surgery: A retrospective study.’ 1st ACBID International Congress, Antalya, Turkey, 16-20 May 2007,
• Esra Arpacı, Altan Varol, Serdar Yılmaz, İmad Salih, Selçuk Basa. ‘Temporalis muscle-fascia flap in temporomandibular joint ankylosis.’ 1st ACBID International Congress, Antalya, Turkey, 16-20 May 2007,
• Basa S, Yilmaz S ,Varol A. Treatment of midface retrusion by maxillary distraction: comparison of rigid intraoral and extraoral distraction systems.
  18th International Conference on Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Bangalore, India, 14-18 November 2007.
• Varol A, Yilmaz S, Basa S. Alveolar distraction osteogenesis in posterior mandibular ridges. XVIII European Congress for Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Barselona, İspanya, 11-16 Eylül 2006 (Journal of CranioMaxillofacial Surgery 34(2006) Suppl. S1 Abstracts, EACMFS XVIII Congress (O.080)
• Serdar Yılmaz, Selçuk Basa. ‘The case dependant alveolar reconstruction in oral implantology: Criterias for preferring between alveolar distraciton osteogenesis and autogenous bone grafting.’ 17th International Conference on Oral and Maxiloofacial Surgery, Vienna, Austria 28 Agust-4 Sept. 2005.
• Muharrem Güvercin, Onur Gönül, Serdar Yılmaz, Bahar Gürsoy. ‘Reconstruction of large maxillary cyst with demineralized bone graft and membranes: A case report’. 5th International Danubius Conference on Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Budapest, Hungary, 29 April – 1 May 2004.
• Serdar Yılmaz, Muharrem Güvercin, Gühan Dergin, İmad Salih. Reconstruction of a localized maxillary anterior bone defect using autogenous bone graft harvested from mandibular symphisis region: Case report’. 5th International Danubius Conference on Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Budapest, Hungary, 29 April– 1 May 2004.
• B.Cem Şener, Serdar Yılmaz, Ayşe Koçak, Atilla Sertgöz. ‘Segmental osteotomy of the maxillary sinus flor to preserve the alveolar bone height: Case report’. Turkish Dental Association 11th International Congress, Lütfü Kırdar Congress Center, İstanbul, Turkey, 17-22 May. 2004.
• Onur Gönül, Serdar Yılmaz, Hasan Garip, B. Cem Şener, Kamil Göker. ‘Extraoral Fistula Due to Root Angulation: Case Report’. Turkish Dental Association 11th International Congress, Lütfü Kırdar Congress Center, İstanbul, Turkey, 17-22 May. 2004.
• Serdar Yılmaz, Hasan Garip, Serap Akyüz, Kamil Göker. ‘Süt dişi çekimi sırasında çocuk davranışlarının frankl endeksine göre değerlendirilmesi ve bazı fiziksel bulguların saptanması.’ 11th International Congress of the Turkish Association of Oral and Maxillofaicial Surgeons, Antalya, Turkey, 4-8 June 2003.

MEMBERSHIP IN SCIENTIFIC ORGANIZATIONS

• Turkish Dental Association
• İstanbul Dental Chamber
• Association of Turk Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
• Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Society
• International Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

Hello, my name is Ortaç Gop. I am a dentist and partner of Dental Park Yalova. I was born in Ankara in 1984. I graduated from Ankara Gazi University in 2007. I have worked in many aesthetic and digital dentistry practices. My greatest happiness is to see my patients smiling at the end of the day. I am happy to be part of a large team that offers dental treatments in Turkey.

With the rapidly growing health tourism, a tourist coming to Yalova sees that the total costs such as hotel, plane transfer and dental treatment are less than the cost of dental treatment alone in any European country. In addition, during the time he spends in our country, he discovers many places to visit and receives both holiday and dental care.

Most of our patients who come from abroad for treatment prefer our Implant and Hollywood Smile treatments. It is used for implant treatments, known as dental screwing, and zirconium, porcelain crown and bridge treatments that replace the extracted tooth.

Aesthetically speaking, smile design and Hollywood Smile treatment are very popular and especially preferred by the young generation.

Eda Tinas - Dental Surgeon (DDS)

Dr. Eda Tinas is a committed dentist who provides high-quality, compassionate dental care. With a fair experience in general and aesthetic dentistry, Dr. Eda Tinas brings over 4 years of experience creating positive patient experiences while delivering evidence-based, lasting oral healthcare solutions.

Education

Dr. Eda Tinas completed their Doctor of Dental Surgery (DDS) degree at Istanbul Aydin Universitesi in 2021. Their studies provided a thorough grounding in modern dental science, including critical areas like Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Prosthodontics, and Periodontics. They gained extensive clinical experience through hands-on rotations in various specialties, solidifying technical skills and patient interaction.

Professional Experience

Dr. Eda Tinas has a wealth of experience from their role as a Dentist at various hospitals since 2020. In this role, they handled a full scope of dental procedures, including preventive cleanings, restorative work, root canal therapy, and smile makeovers. Known for their gentle, patient-centered approach, Dr. Eda Tinas consistently receives positive feedback for their skill in easing patient anxieties and achieving successful outcomes in routine and complex cases.

Core Competencies

Dr. Eda Tinas is skilled in comprehensive dental services, from preventive care to advanced aesthetic cosmetic and restorative treatments, including veneers, crowns, and digital imaging. Known for their approachable manner and clear communication style, Dr. Eda Tinas prioritizes educating patients on dental health and prevention.

حضر العديد من المؤتمرات والندوات والندوات المتعلقة بزرع الأطراف الاصطناعية ، الانسداد ، المفصل ، البعد العمودي ، قشرة البورسلين ، طب الأسنان التجميلي ، طب الأسنان الرقمي ، تصوير الأسنان ، التشخيص والتخطيط للعلاج من الانسداد واضطرابات المفصل الفكي الصدغي ، توكسين البوتولينوم وحشوات الجلد بين 2014 و 2020.

Gurkan Korkmaz is renowned for his meticulous and innovative dental services, backed by a decade-long expertise in the field. He approaches each patient with a tailored strategy, utilizing the latest technology and techniques to ensure they achieve a healthy and radiant smile. Offering a wide spectrum of services including aesthetic dentistry, implants, root canal treatments, and pediatric dentistry, Gurkan Korkmaz prioritizes customer satisfaction, placing the comfort and trust of patients at the forefront. Widely recognized as the epitome of excellence in enhancing smiles, Gurkan Korkmaz is the go-to, reliable dentist for delivering the finest solutions to embellish your smile.

Dr. Ömer Bayar was born on October 3, 1992, in Eskişehir, Turkey. After completing his primary and secondary education at Atayurt College between 1998 and 2006, he attended Eskişehir Anadolu High School from 2006 to 2010.

He graduated from Başkent University’s Faculty of Dentistry in 2015 and has been working at his clinic since 2017. In addition, he pursued a PhD in Prosthodontics at Başkent University’s Faculty of Dentistry, graduating as a prosthodontist in 2023.

Dr. Bayar specializes in aesthetic dentistry, smile design, implantology, and oral and maxillofacial surgery. He stays current in his field by attending various international congresses and seminars. His expertise includes full-mouth rehabilitation and smile makeovers for complex dental misalignments and jaw malpositions; implant surgeries for patients with severe bone deficiencies, bone grafting, and the "immediate implant" technique, which involves placing an implant at the time of tooth extraction. His PhD thesis, titled "Surface Roughness of Polished and Glazed 5Y-TZP Monolithic Zirconia Blocks After Brushing Simulation," has been published in both local and international academic journals.