تجميل الأنف
كل التخصصات
إسطنبول
كل البلدان
اختر مدينة
تجميل الأنف
كل التخصصات
إسطنبول
كل البلدان
اختر مدينة

أفضل تجميل الأنف جراحي التجميل في إسطنبول - توب -35 أطباء

يلبي المحتوى سياسة التحرير Bookimed ويتم مراجعتها طبياً من قبل
فهد مولود - طبيب عام. حاصل على 4 جوائز علمية. خدم في غرب آسيا. رئيس الفريق الطبي الناطق بالعربية سابقا ومسؤول عن معالجة البيانات ودقة المحتوى الطبي حاليا.
Hakan Bulam
جراح اختصاصي تجميل
18سنة خبره ١٦ سنة
تركيا, إسطنبول
Dr. M. Hakan BULAM Aesthetic Plastic Surgery Clinic

Hakan Bulam

جراح اختصاصي تجميل
18سنة خبره ١٦ سنة
الدكتور هاكان بولام هو جراح تجميل مشهور عالمياً ومتخصص في مجموعة كبيرة من العمليات التجميلية بما في ذلك تجميل الأنف وتكبير الثدي وشد البطن وشد المؤخرة وزراعة الشعر. وهو حاصل على دبلوم التأهيل المهني من الجمعية التركية للجراحة التجميلية والترميمية والتجميلية وهو عضو نشط في الجمعية الدولية للجراحة التجميلية التجميلية (ISAPS).اقرأ المزيد
الدكتور هاكان بولام هو جراح تجميل مشهور عالمياً ومتخصص في مجموعة كبيرة من العمليات التجميلية بما في ذلك تجميل الأنف وتكبير الثدي وشد البطن وشد المؤخرة وزراعة الشعر. وهو حاصل على دبلوم التأهيل المهني من الجمعية التركية للجراحة التجميلية والترميمية والتجميلية وهو عضو نشط في الجمعية الدولية للجراحة التجميلية التجميلية (ISAPS).
اقرأ المزيد
Kenan Oyur
جراح اختصاصي تجميل
12سنة خبره ١٦ سنة
تركيا, إسطنبول
Estexper Clinic

Kenan Oyur

جراح اختصاصي تجميل
12سنة خبره ١٦ سنة

Kadir Oyur is a dynamic and accomplished medical professional with a wealth of experience and expertise in the field of surgery. He completed his Postgraduate Residency in Plastic Surgery at the Belarusian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education in Minsk, Belarus, followed by another residency in General Surgery at Shupyk National Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education in Kiev, Ukraine. Prior to this, he pursued his medical education at Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa English Medical School. Throughout his career, Kadir has held various positions, including roles at Europ-Assistance Insurance Company in Turkey and Antes Aesthetic Surgery Center in Belarus. He has actively engaged in research and observational programs at prestigious institutions like Harvard University Brigham and Women’s Hospital and the University of California, Irvine. Kadir is also proficient in computer skills and speaks multiple languages fluently, including English, Turkish, Kurdish, Russian, and German. Beyond his medical endeavors, he enjoys pursuits such as playing musical instruments, sailing, and cycling. Kadir is an active member of esteemed medical societies such as The International Society of Plastic Surgery and the American Society of Plastic Surgeons. With his extensive skill set and commitment to excellence, Kadir Oyur continues to make significant contributions to the field of surgery.

اقرأ المزيد

Kadir Oyur is a dynamic and accomplished medical professional with a wealth of experience and expertise in the field of surgery. He completed his Postgraduate Residency in Plastic Surgery at the Belarusian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education in Minsk, Belarus, followed by another residency in General Surgery at Shupyk National Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education in Kiev, Ukraine. Prior to this, he pursued his medical education at Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa English Medical School. Throughout his career, Kadir has held various positions, including roles at Europ-Assistance Insurance Company in Turkey and Antes Aesthetic Surgery Center in Belarus. He has actively engaged in research and observational programs at prestigious institutions like Harvard University Brigham and Women’s Hospital and the University of California, Irvine. Kadir is also proficient in computer skills and speaks multiple languages fluently, including English, Turkish, Kurdish, Russian, and German. Beyond his medical endeavors, he enjoys pursuits such as playing musical instruments, sailing, and cycling. Kadir is an active member of esteemed medical societies such as The International Society of Plastic Surgery and the American Society of Plastic Surgeons. With his extensive skill set and commitment to excellence, Kadir Oyur continues to make significant contributions to the field of surgery.

اقرأ المزيد
Guncel Ozturk Md Febopras
جراح اختصاصي تجميل
21سنة خبره ١٦ سنة
تركيا, إسطنبول
Dr. Güncel Öztürk

Guncel Ozturk Md Febopras

جراح اختصاصي تجميل
21سنة خبره ١٦ سنة
الدكتور غونسل أوزتورك دكتور جونسيل أوزتورك فيبوبراس هو أخصائي جراحة تجميلية وتجميلية معروف بتقنياته المبتكرة في عمليات تجميل الأنف وتكبير الثدي وتكبير الشفاه وعلاجات البوتوكس. تمتد خبرته لتشمل عمليات شد الوجه بالمنظار وزراعة الشعر بالمنظار وزراعة الشعر دي إتش آي. وقد نشر كتباً تتناول الجوانب الفنية للجراحة التجميلية وطوّر تقنيات فريدة من نوعها في ممارسته. يجمع نهج الدكتور أوزتورك بين الخبرة الطبية والمبادئ الفنية.اقرأ المزيد
الدكتور غونسل أوزتورك دكتور جونسيل أوزتورك فيبوبراس هو أخصائي جراحة تجميلية وتجميلية معروف بتقنياته المبتكرة في عمليات تجميل الأنف وتكبير الثدي وتكبير الشفاه وعلاجات البوتوكس. تمتد خبرته لتشمل عمليات شد الوجه بالمنظار وزراعة الشعر بالمنظار وزراعة الشعر دي إتش آي. وقد نشر كتباً تتناول الجوانب الفنية للجراحة التجميلية وطوّر تقنيات فريدة من نوعها في ممارسته. يجمع نهج الدكتور أوزتورك بين الخبرة الطبية والمبادئ الفنية.
اقرأ المزيد
Ahmet Cetinbas
جراح اختصاصي تجميل
15سنة خبره ١٦ سنة
تركيا, إسطنبول
DR. CINIK HOSPITAL

Ahmet Cetinbas

جراح اختصاصي تجميل
15سنة خبره ١٦ سنة

Ahmet Cetinbas, Medical Doctor

Dr. Ahmet Cetinbas is a dedicated physician with a solid background in plastic surgery. With over 15 years of medical experience, Dr. Ahmet Cetinbas has successfully provided comprehensive care to patients and demonstrated a commitment to advancing medical practice through evidence-based approaches.

Education

Dr. Ahmet Cetinbas's journey in medicine began with the successful completion of his Doctor of Medicine degree in 2007 from Gazi University, Faculty of Medicine. His academic excellence and hands-on clinical experience, particularly in plastic surgery, set a strong foundation for his future in the field.

Professional Experience

Throughout their career, Dr. Ahmet Cetinbas has contributed to medicine through their work at Firat University Plastic Surgery Clinic, where they served as a Research Associate from 2010 to 2015, at Kilis State Hospital, where they served as a Plastic Surgery Specialist from 2015 to 2019, and at Baskent University's Alanya Research and Application Hospital, where they served as a Plastic Surgery Specialist from 2019 to 2022. Here, they honed their diagnostic skills and built a reputation for providing empathetic, high-quality care to patients with different needs. Their responsibilities included conducting patient consultations, developing individualized treatment plans, etc.

اقرأ المزيد

Ahmet Cetinbas, Medical Doctor

Dr. Ahmet Cetinbas is a dedicated physician with a solid background in plastic surgery. With over 15 years of medical experience, Dr. Ahmet Cetinbas has successfully provided comprehensive care to patients and demonstrated a commitment to advancing medical practice through evidence-based approaches.

Education

Dr. Ahmet Cetinbas's journey in medicine began with the successful completion of his Doctor of Medicine degree in 2007 from Gazi University, Faculty of Medicine. His academic excellence and hands-on clinical experience, particularly in plastic surgery, set a strong foundation for his future in the field.

Professional Experience

Throughout their career, Dr. Ahmet Cetinbas has contributed to medicine through their work at Firat University Plastic Surgery Clinic, where they served as a Research Associate from 2010 to 2015, at Kilis State Hospital, where they served as a Plastic Surgery Specialist from 2015 to 2019, and at Baskent University's Alanya Research and Application Hospital, where they served as a Plastic Surgery Specialist from 2019 to 2022. Here, they honed their diagnostic skills and built a reputation for providing empathetic, high-quality care to patients with different needs. Their responsibilities included conducting patient consultations, developing individualized treatment plans, etc.

اقرأ المزيد
Yunus Kaplan
جراح تجميل الوجه
15سنة خبره ١٦ سنة
تركيا, إسطنبول
Dr.Yunus Kaplan

Yunus Kaplan

جراح تجميل الوجه
15سنة خبره ١٦ سنة

Born in 1979 in Iskenderun, The Yunus Kaplan Private Clinic was founded ,a renowned otorhinolaryngologist (ear, nose, and throat specialist) who has specialized in facial aesthetics for more than 15 years in Istanbul ,After graduating from; Gaziantep University Faculty of Medicine in 2001,YunusKaplan left the Department of ENT at Gaziantep University Faculty of Medicine as an expert in 2009. Afterwards,he Worked in the following hospitals,respectively;

Job history ;

  • Cizre State Hospital 2009–2011
  • Private Batman World Hospital  2011-2013
  • Private Istanbul Hospital 2013-2015
  • Medipol Hospital 2015-2016
  • Intermed Nisantasi Clinic  2018-2020
  • Yunus Kaplan Private Clinic 2016-
  • As of 2016,one of the doyens of the Rhinoplasty community.He worked with Rhinoplasty Master and Rhinoplasty School founder Op.Dr. Süreyya Şeneldir.(2016-2018)

He is a member of many associations, such as the Turkish Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Society, the European Academy of Facial Plastic Surgery (EAFPS), and the Turkish Facial Plastic Surgery Association.

Treatments : Primary Rhinoplasty, Piezo Rhinoplasty, Ethnic Rhinoplasty, Revision Rhinoplasty, Tip plasty

ARTICLES PUBLISHED IN NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL JOURNALS :

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23914647/

اقرأ المزيد

Born in 1979 in Iskenderun, The Yunus Kaplan Private Clinic was founded ,a renowned otorhinolaryngologist (ear, nose, and throat specialist) who has specialized in facial aesthetics for more than 15 years in Istanbul ,After graduating from; Gaziantep University Faculty of Medicine in 2001,YunusKaplan left the Department of ENT at Gaziantep University Faculty of Medicine as an expert in 2009. Afterwards,he Worked in the following hospitals,respectively;

Job history ;

  • Cizre State Hospital 2009–2011
  • Private Batman World Hospital  2011-2013
  • Private Istanbul Hospital 2013-2015
  • Medipol Hospital 2015-2016
  • Intermed Nisantasi Clinic  2018-2020
  • Yunus Kaplan Private Clinic 2016-
  • As of 2016,one of the doyens of the Rhinoplasty community.He worked with Rhinoplasty Master and Rhinoplasty School founder Op.Dr. Süreyya Şeneldir.(2016-2018)

He is a member of many associations, such as the Turkish Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Society, the European Academy of Facial Plastic Surgery (EAFPS), and the Turkish Facial Plastic Surgery Association.

Treatments : Primary Rhinoplasty, Piezo Rhinoplasty, Ethnic Rhinoplasty, Revision Rhinoplasty, Tip plasty

ARTICLES PUBLISHED IN NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL JOURNALS :

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23914647/

اقرأ المزيد
Mehmet Comert
جراح اختصاصي تجميل
9سنة خبره ١٦ سنة
تركيا, إسطنبول
Truself Clinic

Mehmet Comert

جراح اختصاصي تجميل
9سنة خبره ١٦ سنة

As a dedicated Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgeon based in Istanbul, Turkey, I bring a strong foundation of experience and a profound commitment to enhancing both form and function to every patient I serve. My journey in the field has been marked by comprehensive training in Marmara University Plastic Surgery Department, one of Turkey's premier centers for breast and facial plastic surgery, where I've had the privilege of specializing in several transformative areas of surgical expertise.

Facial Rejuvenation Surgery: With a profound understanding of facial aesthetics, I am dedicated to helping patients achieve a youthful, refreshed appearance while also providing reconstructive solutions for those facing unique challenges.

Orthognathic Surgery: My extensive training in orthognathic surgery equips me with the skills to harmonize facial structures and restore optimal function, addressing issues related to jaw alignment and facial symmetry with precision and care.

Facial Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery: My specialization extends to a wide range of facial procedures, including:

Deep Plane Facelift Surgery: Delivering natural, long-lasting results with cutting edge surgical technique on facial rejuvenation.
Neck Reshaping Surgeries: Crafting elegant and youthful neck contours.
Endoscopic Facial Surgeries: Minimally invasive techniques for maximum impact.

Periorbital Rejuvenation and Blepharoplasties: Illuminating the windows to the soul.
Facial Bone Contouring: Sculpting facial aesthetics with precision.
Frontal Shaping for Facial Gender Reassignment: Empowering individuals on transformative journeys. Revisional Facial Surgeries: Perfecting previous procedures to achieve excellence.
Facial Paralysis Reconstruction with Tendon and Muscle Transfers: Restoring both function and aesthetics. Scar Revisions and Burn Scarifications: Erasing the marks of the past.
Stem Cell Treatments: Harnessing the latest regenerative therapies.
Skin and Intraoral Tumor Ablation with Reconstructions: Uniting oncological care with aesthetic mastery. Jaw Enhancements and Genioplasties: Balancing and harmonizing facial profiles.
Double Jaw/Bimax Surgeries: Achieving facial symmetry and optimal function.
Rhinoplasties and Nose Reconstructions: Perfecting nasal aesthetics with artistry.

Breast Aesthetics and Reconstruction: Having trained at one of Turkey's leading centers for breast surgeries, I am well- versed in the art of breast aesthetics and reconstruction, ensuring that patients regain both their confidence and their sense of self.

At the core of my practice is a dedication to individualized care. I believe that every patient is unique, and their needs and aspirations deserve tailored attention. My mission is to provide compassionate, patient-centered care that goes beyond routine procedures, ensuring that each individual receives the personalized treatment they deserve.

As I continue to push the boundaries of plastic and aesthetic surgery, my focus remains on achieving excellence in both form and function, all while prioritizing the unique needs of every patient under my care.

اقرأ المزيد

As a dedicated Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgeon based in Istanbul, Turkey, I bring a strong foundation of experience and a profound commitment to enhancing both form and function to every patient I serve. My journey in the field has been marked by comprehensive training in Marmara University Plastic Surgery Department, one of Turkey's premier centers for breast and facial plastic surgery, where I've had the privilege of specializing in several transformative areas of surgical expertise.

Facial Rejuvenation Surgery: With a profound understanding of facial aesthetics, I am dedicated to helping patients achieve a youthful, refreshed appearance while also providing reconstructive solutions for those facing unique challenges.

Orthognathic Surgery: My extensive training in orthognathic surgery equips me with the skills to harmonize facial structures and restore optimal function, addressing issues related to jaw alignment and facial symmetry with precision and care.

Facial Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery: My specialization extends to a wide range of facial procedures, including:

Deep Plane Facelift Surgery: Delivering natural, long-lasting results with cutting edge surgical technique on facial rejuvenation.
Neck Reshaping Surgeries: Crafting elegant and youthful neck contours.
Endoscopic Facial Surgeries: Minimally invasive techniques for maximum impact.

Periorbital Rejuvenation and Blepharoplasties: Illuminating the windows to the soul.
Facial Bone Contouring: Sculpting facial aesthetics with precision.
Frontal Shaping for Facial Gender Reassignment: Empowering individuals on transformative journeys. Revisional Facial Surgeries: Perfecting previous procedures to achieve excellence.
Facial Paralysis Reconstruction with Tendon and Muscle Transfers: Restoring both function and aesthetics. Scar Revisions and Burn Scarifications: Erasing the marks of the past.
Stem Cell Treatments: Harnessing the latest regenerative therapies.
Skin and Intraoral Tumor Ablation with Reconstructions: Uniting oncological care with aesthetic mastery. Jaw Enhancements and Genioplasties: Balancing and harmonizing facial profiles.
Double Jaw/Bimax Surgeries: Achieving facial symmetry and optimal function.
Rhinoplasties and Nose Reconstructions: Perfecting nasal aesthetics with artistry.

Breast Aesthetics and Reconstruction: Having trained at one of Turkey's leading centers for breast surgeries, I am well- versed in the art of breast aesthetics and reconstruction, ensuring that patients regain both their confidence and their sense of self.

At the core of my practice is a dedication to individualized care. I believe that every patient is unique, and their needs and aspirations deserve tailored attention. My mission is to provide compassionate, patient-centered care that goes beyond routine procedures, ensuring that each individual receives the personalized treatment they deserve.

As I continue to push the boundaries of plastic and aesthetic surgery, my focus remains on achieving excellence in both form and function, all while prioritizing the unique needs of every patient under my care.

اقرأ المزيد
Alper Kurt
جراح اختصاصي تجميل
16سنة خبره ١٦ سنة
تركيا, إسطنبول
Hospital XP

Alper Kurt

جراح اختصاصي تجميل
16سنة خبره ١٦ سنة

Received Professional Certificates

7. CERRAHPASA PLASTiK CERRAHI GÜNLERi

• Deri Kanserlerinde Güncel Tani ve Tedavi Yaklasimlari

3 HAZIRAN 4 - 2022 HAZIRAN 2022

Asiri Kilo Verme Sonrasi VÜCUT SEKILLENDIRME

1 HAZIRAN 2 - 2018 HAZIRAN 2018

32. ULUSAL TPRECD KONGRESi

Vertikal Mammoplasti, Teknik Ayrintilar, Sinirlar ve

Sorunlar

16 EYLOL 16- 2010 EYLOL 2010

Elin Cerrahi Anatomisi ve Intrensek Flepleri

17 EYLOL 17- 2010 EYLÜL 2010

Ortognatik Cerrahi-Maksiller Girisimler

18 EYLÜL 18- 2010 EYLOL 2010

Ortognatik Cerrahi-Mandibuler Girisimler

17 EYLOL 19-2010 EYLÜL 2010

OMÜ TIP FAKÜLTESiVE SAMSUN TABIP ODASI

Akademik Gelisim Kursu 2

16 MART 16- 2013 MART 2013

Akademik Gelisim Kursu 6

28 MART 29 - 2015 MART 2015

• REKONSTRUKTIF MIKROCERRAHI DERNEGI

16.Temel Mikro Cerrahi Kursu

7 MAYIS 11 - 2013 MAYIS 2013

MEZOKLINIK

Butik Workshop

180CAK 2014

Received Professional Certificates

• SAMSUN MEME SEMPOZYUMU

30 MAYIS 31 - 2014 MAYIS 2014

• TPRECD

Estetik ve Rekonstrüktif Meme Cerrahisinde Implant Seçimi Toplantisi

16 EYLÜL 16 - 2010 EYLÜL 2010

• TPRECD Cerrahi Olmayan Estetik Islemler Kursu

Dolgu ve Nörotoksin Uygulamalari

14 ARALIK 17 - 2017 ARALIK 2017

Mezoterapi, Dermaroller, PRP Uygulamalan ve Cilt Bakimi

14 ARALIK 17 - 2017 ARALIK 2017

Lazer, IPL, Radyofrekans ve Ultrason Temelli Cihazlarla Yüz ve Gövdede Estet ve Güzellik

Amaçhi Uygulamalar

14 ARALIK 17 - 2017 ARALIK 2017

• ESTETIK YÜZ ve BOYUN CERRAHiSI DERNEGi

ULUSAL KONGRESi & iSTANBUL ESTETiK

16 SUBAT 18 - 2018 SUBAT 2018

• AMERIKAN HASTANESi CANLI CERRAHi KURSU

27 NISAN 28 - 2018 NISAN 2018

• PRESERVATION RHINOPLASTY COURSE ISTANBUL

29 KASIM 1 - 2018 ARALIK 2018

• ISEF 2019

15 SUBAT 17 - 2019 SUBAT 2019

• 41. ULUSAL TPRECD KONGRESi

Sag Ekimi Kursu

15 SUBAT 17 - 2019 SUBAT 2019

• THE LABORATORY THREAD&LIFT CERTIFICATE BRUSELS

BELGiUM

17 SUBAT 2021

اقرأ المزيد

Received Professional Certificates

7. CERRAHPASA PLASTiK CERRAHI GÜNLERi

• Deri Kanserlerinde Güncel Tani ve Tedavi Yaklasimlari

3 HAZIRAN 4 - 2022 HAZIRAN 2022

Asiri Kilo Verme Sonrasi VÜCUT SEKILLENDIRME

1 HAZIRAN 2 - 2018 HAZIRAN 2018

32. ULUSAL TPRECD KONGRESi

Vertikal Mammoplasti, Teknik Ayrintilar, Sinirlar ve

Sorunlar

16 EYLOL 16- 2010 EYLOL 2010

Elin Cerrahi Anatomisi ve Intrensek Flepleri

17 EYLOL 17- 2010 EYLÜL 2010

Ortognatik Cerrahi-Maksiller Girisimler

18 EYLÜL 18- 2010 EYLOL 2010

Ortognatik Cerrahi-Mandibuler Girisimler

17 EYLOL 19-2010 EYLÜL 2010

OMÜ TIP FAKÜLTESiVE SAMSUN TABIP ODASI

Akademik Gelisim Kursu 2

16 MART 16- 2013 MART 2013

Akademik Gelisim Kursu 6

28 MART 29 - 2015 MART 2015

• REKONSTRUKTIF MIKROCERRAHI DERNEGI

16.Temel Mikro Cerrahi Kursu

7 MAYIS 11 - 2013 MAYIS 2013

MEZOKLINIK

Butik Workshop

180CAK 2014

Received Professional Certificates

• SAMSUN MEME SEMPOZYUMU

30 MAYIS 31 - 2014 MAYIS 2014

• TPRECD

Estetik ve Rekonstrüktif Meme Cerrahisinde Implant Seçimi Toplantisi

16 EYLÜL 16 - 2010 EYLÜL 2010

• TPRECD Cerrahi Olmayan Estetik Islemler Kursu

Dolgu ve Nörotoksin Uygulamalari

14 ARALIK 17 - 2017 ARALIK 2017

Mezoterapi, Dermaroller, PRP Uygulamalan ve Cilt Bakimi

14 ARALIK 17 - 2017 ARALIK 2017

Lazer, IPL, Radyofrekans ve Ultrason Temelli Cihazlarla Yüz ve Gövdede Estet ve Güzellik

Amaçhi Uygulamalar

14 ARALIK 17 - 2017 ARALIK 2017

• ESTETIK YÜZ ve BOYUN CERRAHiSI DERNEGi

ULUSAL KONGRESi & iSTANBUL ESTETiK

16 SUBAT 18 - 2018 SUBAT 2018

• AMERIKAN HASTANESi CANLI CERRAHi KURSU

27 NISAN 28 - 2018 NISAN 2018

• PRESERVATION RHINOPLASTY COURSE ISTANBUL

29 KASIM 1 - 2018 ARALIK 2018

• ISEF 2019

15 SUBAT 17 - 2019 SUBAT 2019

• 41. ULUSAL TPRECD KONGRESi

Sag Ekimi Kursu

15 SUBAT 17 - 2019 SUBAT 2019

• THE LABORATORY THREAD&LIFT CERTIFICATE BRUSELS

BELGiUM

17 SUBAT 2021

اقرأ المزيد
Baki Yilmaz
جراح اختصاصي تجميل
24سنة خبره ١٦ سنة

Baki Yilmaz

جراح اختصاصي تجميل
24سنة خبره ١٦ سنة
تركيا, إسطنبول
Uniqacare Clinic
قد تحتوي هذه الصفحة على معلومات تتعلق بمختلف الحالات الطبية والعلاجات وخدمات الرعاية الصحية المتوفرة في بلدان مختلفة. يرجى العلم أن المحتوى مقدم لأغراض إعلامية فقط ولا ينبغي تفسيره على أنه نصيحة أو إرشادات طبية. يرجى استشارة طبيبك أو أخصائي طبي مؤهل قبل البدء أو تغيير العلاج الطبي.