أفضل جراحة اليد جراحة العظام في إسطنبول - توب -30 أطباء

Name                           Ahmet Dogan, Prof. Dr.

Date of birth                September 25, 1970

Place of birth              Biga, Canakkale, Turkey

Citizenship                   Republic of Turkey

Marital status              Married

Hospital                       Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, 

Current position         Chief in Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and     

  Traumatology, 

Education

1.  Biga High School, Biga, Turkey.
2.  Uludag Medical School, University of Uludag, Bursa, Turkey.
3.  Resident in Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology at Istanbul   

                                    Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.

Date and location of Orthopedic Certification: 

January 29, 2001, Istanbul Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey. 

Thesis: Residual adductus and ankle range of motion after complete subtalar release in pes equinovarus.

Fellowship: 01.02-31.03 2010 Orthopadisches Spital Speising (Prof.Dr.Franz Grill), Wien, Austria.

Professional Experience

31.07.1993-31.07.1994           Erzincan State Hospital (Emergency Department), Erzincan,  

 as a general practitioner.

01.08.1994-01.12.1995           Isparta Military Hospital, Isparta, Turkey (Military sevice), 

 as a general practitioner.

01.01.1996-01.01.1997           Erzincan State Hospital (Emergency Department), Erzincan,      

 as a general practitioner.

02.01.1997-29.05.2001           Istanbul Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.

                                                 as a resident in Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology.

01.06.2001-25.05.2004           SSK Fethiye Hospital, Fethiye, Mugla, Turkey

                                                as an Orthopaedic surgeon.  

02.06.2004-13.11.2011          Istanbul Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey

             as an Orthopaedic surgeon.

14.11.2011-31.07.2016           Medical Park Bahcelievler Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey

             as an Orthopaedic surgeon.

01.08.2016- 11.05.2019          Kolan International Hospital, Okmeydani, Sisli, Istanbul 

                                                as an Orthopaedic surgeon.

National Memberships

Paediatric Orthopaedic Society 

Turkish Medical Association

Turkish Society of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology

Turkish Ilizarov Society (Turkish ASAMI)

1. Turkish Foot and Ankle Surgery Society
2. Turkish Trauma Society

International Membership

Europian Paediatric Orthopaedic Society (EPOS)

Orthopaedic interests

1. 1. Paediatric orthopaedy
2. 2. Deformity correction and limb lengthening
3. 3. Ilizarov Surgery
4. 4. Foot and ankle surgery
5. 5. Trauma surgery
6. 6. Arthroplasty (prosthesis) surgery
7. 7. Stem Cell Applications (BMAC, SVF, PRP)
8.  

International Paediatric Orthopaedics Courses Attended

1. Sonography of the hip “basic” 

11.05.1998-13.05.1998, Courses given by Prof. R, Graf, Stolzalpe, Austria.

1. Sonography of the hip “follow-up” 

13.05.1998-15.05.1998, Courses given by Prof. R, Graf, Stolzalpe, Austria.

1. Orthopaedic Summer School – “From Chilhood to Adulthood”, 

03.08.1998-07.08.1998, Helsinki, Finland.

1. 7th Congress of the International Circle of Friends os T.S.O.T. 

May,29-01,1998, İzmir, Turkey

1. 2. German-Turkish Congress of the Pediatric Orthopaedics, 

May,29-01,1998, Izmir, Turkey

1. Third International Pediatric Orthopedic Symposium, 

May 24-28, 2000, San Francisco, California, USA

1. Instructional Basic Gait Analysis Course,  

September 25-27,2000 “Shriners Hospital for Children “, Helsingborg, Sweden

1. 20th EPOS MEETING2001, 

April 5-7, 2001, Montpellier, France

1. 21th EPOS MEETING 2002, 

April 17-20, 2002, Istanbul, Turkey

1. SICOT/SIROT 2002 XXII World Congress,

August 23-30,2002 San Diego,California, USA

1. 4th International Clubfoot Congress, International Federation of Pediatric Orthopaedic   

             XXIII World Congress,August 23-30,2005 Istanbul, Turkey. 

1. 26th EPOS MEETING 2007, 

11-14 April, 2007, Sorrento, Italy.

1. Bone Defect, Infection, Non Union and Intra Articular Fracture Management. Pre- 

            congress course given by Prof.M.Catagni, Prof.M.Kocaoglu, Prof.K.Tetsworth. 

World Congress on External Fixation 2007, October 16, 2007, Cairo, Egypt.

1. World Congress on External Fixation 2007, 

October 17-19, 2007, Cairo, Egypt.

1. Limb Deformity Course. Post-congress course given by Prof.D.Paley and 

            Prof.J.Herzenberg. World Congress on External Fixation 2007, 

October 20-21, 2007,  Cairo, Egypt

1. Dega Pre-Meeting Course. 

April 9, 2008 Warsaw, Poland.

1. 27th EPOS MEETING 2008, 

April 9-12,2008 Warsaw, Poland. 

1. 28th EPOS MEETING 2009, 

April 1-4, 2009 Lisbon, Portugal.

1. Taylor Spatial Frame Course, 

March 22-25, 2010 Vienna, Austria. 

1. ISCO’15 Istanbul Symposium on Children’s Orthopaedics
2. February 2015, Istanbul, Turkey.
3. ISSCA Meeting, Applications of Mesenchymal Stem Cell  in Orthopaedics, 23.10.2018, Jeju, Korea
4. ISSCA Meeting,Applications of Mesenchymal Stem Cell  in Orthopaedics, 23.02.2019, 

Casablanca, Morocco

1. Second Balkan Foot and Ankle Meeting, 9 – 11 Mayıs 2019, Inter Expo Center, Sofia 

National Orthopaedic Courses Attended

1. 1.Paediatric Orthopaedic Courses, Turkish Paediatric Orthopaedics Society

     9-11 October 1998,Istanbul, Turkey.

1. 2.Paediatric Orthopaedic Courses, Turkish Paediatric Orthopaedics Society

1-3 October 1999,Istanbul, Turkey.

1. 3.Paediatric Orthopaedic Courses, Turkish Paediatric Orthopaedics Society

13-15 October 2000,Istanbul, Turkey.

1. 2.Skeletal Deformity Course, April 14-16, 2000, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Istanbul Medical School Hospital, University of Istanbul, Istanbul, 

Turkey

1. 5. Current concept in arthroscopy, 8-10 October 1999, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Baskent Medical School Hospital, University of Baskent, Ankara, Turkey.
2. 2.German-Turkish Congress of Paediatric Orthopaedics, May, 29-01,1998, Izmir, Turkey.
3. IV. Ilizarov Course ”basic”, April, 30, May-03, June, 1998, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Cukurova Medical School Hospital, University of Cukurova, Adana, Turkey.
4. IV. Ilizarov Course ”advanced”, April 2-4, 1999, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Cukurova Medical School Hospital, University of Cukurova, Adana, Turkey.
5. Recent Advances in Ilizarov Surgery, June 12-13, 1999, Courses given by Prof.D, Paley, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Istanbul Medical School Hospital, University of Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey.
6. Orthopaedic Infections, April 16-17, 1998, Turkish Society of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Istanbul, Turkey.
7. Earthquake Injuries, April 27-28, 2000, Turkish Society of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Istanbul, Turkey.
8. Advances in treatment of children with cerebral palsy, June 22, 2000, Courses given by Prof.J,Dormans, Metin Sabancı Center for Spastic Children, Istanbul, Turkey.
9. Spina Bifida, February 26, 2000. Turkish Paediatric Orthopaedics Society, Istanbul, Turkey.
10. XVII. National Orthopaedy and Traumatology Congress, October 24-29, 2001, Turkish Society of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Antalya.

     15. Serebral Palsi’de Güncel Mültidisipliner Yaklaşım Simpozyumu II, 17 Aralık   

           2004, Pediatrik Ortopedi Derneği, İstanbul.

      16.Coxarthrosis, 3. Derviş Manizade Days, November 19-20, 2004, Department of     

           Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Cerrahpasa Medical School Hospital,       

            University of Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey.

     17. Gait patterns in lower extremity malalignment and treatment options. December 25,  

            2004, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Istanbul Medical 

            School Hospital, University of Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey

18. V.Paediatric Orthopaedic Courses, Turkish Paediatric Orthopaedics Society

     March 18-20, 2005, Istanbul, Turkey.

19. XIX. National Orthopaedy and Traumatology Congress, May 14-19, 2005, Turkish   

     Society of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Antalya, Turkey

      20. Contemporary fixation methods, April 7-8, 2006, XXV.Akif Şakir Şakar     

     Days, Turkish Society of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Istanbul, Turkey.

      21. Current concept in the treatment of developmental displasia of the hip. Courses given 

             by Prof.D.Tonnis. Baltalimani Education and Research Hospital, Department of     

            Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology 13-14 October 2006, İstanbul, Turkey

22. Foot and Ankle Diseases Symposium. 2 November 2006, Department of Orthopaedic 

     Surgery and Traumatology, Antalya Medical School Hospital, University of Akdeniz, 

     Antalya, Turkey.

23. Ankle Arthroscopy Course “basic”, 3-4 November 2006, Department of Orthopaedic 

     Surgery and Traumatology, Antalya Medical School Hospital, University of Akdeniz, 

     Antalya, Turkey.

24. Pediatric Knee Problems Symposium, TOTBİD, 15-16 June 2007, Istanbul.

25. PEV-DDH Course TOTBİD, Yeditepe University Tıp Fakültesi, Ortopedi ve 

     Travmatoloji Kliniği, İstanbul.

26. Foot and Ankle Surgery Course, TOTBİD, 14-15 Eylül 2007, İstanbul 

     Üniversitesi Cerrahpaşa Tıp Fakültesi, Ortopedi ve Travmatoloji Kliniği, İstanbul.

27. AO Masters Symposium Orthopaedic Trauma Update: Current Concepts in Fracture 

     Management, 28-29 Eylül 2007, AO Türkiye, Amerikan Hastanesi, İstanbul.

28. Pes Equinovarus 

TOTDER Sürekli Eğitim Toplantıları, Sağlık Bakanlığı İstanbul Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi, 13 Ocak 2007, İstanbul.

     29. Kompartmant Syndrom 

TOTDER Sürekli Eğitim Toplantıları, Sağlık Bakanlığı Taksim Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi, 06 Ekim 2007, İstanbul.

      30. XX. National Orthopaedy and Traumatology Congress

       (Prof.. Dr. Rıdvan Ege Onuruna), 23-28 October, 2007, Ankara.

 31. II.Turkish Talipes Equinovarus Course: Ponseti Method (eğitmen olarak), 

       Paediatric Orthopaedics Society, 16-17 November, 2007, Istanbul

      32. IV.Pediatric Hip Ultrasound Course: Graf Method (eğitmen olarak), 

Paediatric Orthopaedics Society, 15-17 February, 2008, Istanbul

     33. Botulinum Toksin Course

Yeditepe Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Ortopedi ve Travmatoloji Kliniği, 30 April 2008, Istanbul.

      34. 4.Ortopedi Buluşması

Türk Ortopedi ve Travmatoloji Birliği Derneği, 23-27 Nisan 2008, Antalya.

1. III.Türk Talipes Equinovarus Kursu: Ponseti Yöntemi (eğitmen olarak) 

Paediatric Orthopaedics Society, November, 2010, Istanbul.

1. III.National “Cerebral Palsy” and Developmental Disorders Congress
2. November 2009, Istanbul.
3. Adölesan Kalça Sorunlarında Eklem Koruyucu Cerrahi Teknikler Sempozyumu
4. June, 2009, Ankara.
5. Omuz ve Dirsek Cerrahisi Derneği Çekirdek Müfredat Eğitim Programı Kursu
6. October 2009, Ankara.
7. “Radius and Ulna Proksimal Trauma”

6.Uludağ Ortopedi ve Travmatoloji Günleri, El Cerrahisi Toplantısı

1. March 2012, Bursa.
2. Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip/ Pes Equinovarus Course (eğitmen olarak)

Paediatric Orthopaedics Society, 18-19 October 2014, Afyon

1. 10.Ayak ve Ayak Bileği Cerrahisi Eğitim Toplantısı

TOTBİD Ayak ve Ayak Bileği Cerrahisi Şubesi, 9-10 October 2015, Istanbul.

1. XV. Ulusal Türk Ortopedi ve Travmatoloji Kongresi

TOTBID, 27 October-1 November 2015, Antalya.

1. XII.Uludağ Ortopedi ve Travmatoloji Günleri

XIII.Artroplasti Kış Toplantısı

26 February-1 March 2015, Bursa.

1. Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip/ Pes Equinovarus Course (eğitmen olarak)

Paediatric Orthopaedics Society, 7-8 March 2015, Izmir

1. Ortopedide Nöropatik Ağrı

28 October 2015, Istanbul.

1. Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip/ Pes Equinovarus Course (eğitmen olarak)

Paediatric Orthopaedics Society, 19-20 December 2015, Istanbul.

1. 6.Ortopedi ve Travmatoloji İstanbul Buluşması

12-15 May 2016, Istanbul.

Acta Orthop Traumatol Turc 2015; 49 (6): 648-653.

Orthopaedic publications in national peer reviewed journals

1. Metatarsus varus deformity and its treatment by metatarsal osteotomy

      A.Erdem Bagatur, Ahmet Dogan, Gazi Zorer

     Acta Orthop Traumatol Turc 2001; 35:245-251.

1. Trendelenburg gait and its treatment by trochanteric advancement.

      A.Erdem Bagatur, Ahmet Dogan, Gazi Zorer

     Acta Orthop Traumatol Turc 2001; 35:336-341.

1. Correction of deformities and length discrepancies of the forearm in children

            by distraction  osteogenesis.

     A.Erdem Bagatur, Ahmet Dogan, Gazi Zorer

      Acta Orthop Traumatol Turc 2002; 36:111-116.

1. The Effect of Posterior Deltoid Ligament Release on Dorsiflexion Capacity of the Foot in Clubfoot Treated with Complete Subtalar Release. 

      Ahmet Dogan, A.Erdem Bagatur, Gazi Zorer

            Acta Orthop Traumatol Turc 2002, 36: 248-255.

1. Locked intramedullary nailing in humeral shaft fractures

Yusuf Ozturkmen, Cemal Dogrul, Ahmet Dogan, Mahmut Karli

Ulus Travma Acil Cerrahi Derg. 2002; 8(3): 164-169

1. Dennyson-Fulford subtalar extra-articular arthrodesis in the treatment of paralytic pes planovalgus and its value in the alignment of the foot

Gazi Zorer, A.Erdem Bagatur, Ahmet Dogan, Tayyar Unlu

           Acta Orthop Traumatol Turc 2003; 37: 162-69. 

1. Comparison between the efficacies of two different methods of preparing Esmarch

bandages for sterilization

            Ahmet Dogan, Mehmet Albayrak, I.Erhan Mumcuoglu

            Acta Orthop Traumatol Turc 2005;39:437-40

1. Triple arthrodesis in rigid foot deformities and the effect of internal fixation on 

clinical and radiographic results

           Ahmet Dogan, Mehmet Albayrak, Fatih Ugur,  Gazi Zorer

           Acta Orthop Traumatol Turc 2006;40:220-7

       8. Traumatic obturator hip dislocation in a five-year-old boy: open reduction after a

            six-weeks delay in diagnosis.

           Mehmet Albayrak, Ahmet Dogan, Y.Bilge Surel

           Acta Orthop Traumatol Turc 2006;40:260-3.

       9. The results of calcaneal lengthening osteotomy for the treatment of flexible pes 

          planovalgus and evaluation of alignment of the foot

          Ahmet Dogan, Mehmet Albayrak, Y. Emre Akman, Gazi Zorer

          Acta Orthop Traumatol Turc 2006;40(5):356-366

    10.  İdiyopatik karpal tünel sendromlu hastalarda transvers karpal ligaman ve fleksör   

            tenosinovyum örneklerinde histopatolojik çalışma

A.Erdem Bagatur, Sergulen Dervisoglu, Mehmet Albayrak, Ahmet Dogan, I.Erhan Mumcuoglu, Gazi Zorer

Eklem Hastalıkları ve Cerrahisi Derg. 2006; 17(2):72-78. 

          24th EPOS Meeting 2005,  April 6-9, 2005, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.

surgeon. Dr. Serdar Karaman graduated from İnönü University Faculty of Medicine. Subsequently, he completed his specialist training in Orthopedics and Traumatology at İnönü University. His previous experiences include Elbistan State Hospital and İnönü University. 

Areas of particular interest: Hand surgery, sports surgery, arthroplasty, cartilage injuries, pediatric orthopedics, foot and ankle surgery, arthroscopic surgeries, lengthening surgeries and pelvic fractures.



Scientific Publications

Articles Published in International Refereed Journals: 1. Which is more dangerous, earthquake, or the panic? Evaluation of the 24 January 2020 Elazig/Türkiye earthquake related musculoskeletal injuries. E Ergen, O Kaya, Ö Yılmaz, HU Özdeş, ÖC Batur, S Karaman, İ Güzel, .Ulus Travma Emergency Surgery Derg 28 (9), 1335-1339 2. The Clinical Results of Tendon Transfers in Patients with Ulnar Palsy. S Karaman, S Ekrem, K Ertem. Journal of Medical Case Reports and Reviews 5 (6), 1144- 1152 3. Clinical results of endoprosthetic reconstructions in metastatic and primary bone tumors. R Sevimli, S Karaman. Medicine Science 11 (1), 199-203 4. A Case of Glomus Tumor in an Unusual Localization of Hand. S Ekrem, S Karaman, K Ertem, H Köse. Clin Case Rep Int. 2020; 4 1198 5. Spontaneous extensor pollicis longus (EPL) tendon rupture after ironing. S Karaman, M Köroğlu, ZM Özdemir, K Ertem. Oral Presentations Presented at Annals of Clinical and Analytical Medicine 2020 National and International Congresses: 1. Medium and Long-Term Results of Patients to whom We Performed Microfracture for Knee Joint Cartilage Damage. Karaman S, Ergen E, Aslantürk O, Kılınç Ö. 30th National Turkish Orthopedics and Traumatology Congress, Antalya, Turkey, 9-14 November 2021. 2. Medium and Short-Term Results in Our Patients Treated with Reconstruction with Endoprosthesis After Resection for Malignant Bone Tumors. Sevimli R., Karaman S. Bone Joint 2021 Online Congress, Ankara, Turkey, 1 - 04 April 2021, p.82 3. Mid-Term Clinical Results of Surgical Treatment of Thumb Metacarpophalangeal Joint and Collateral Ligament Injuries. Karaman S., Ekrem S., Ertem K. 17th National Turkish Hand and Upper Extremity Surgery Congress, Turkey, 16 - 20 November 2020 4. Mid-Term Results of Surgical Treatment of Thumb Metacarpophalangeal Joint Collateral Ligament Injuries. Karaman S., Ekrem S., Ertem K., Aslantürk O. 17th National Turkish Hand and Upper Extremity Surgery Congress (ONLINE), Turkey, 16 - 20 November 2020 5. Evaluation of Mid-Term Functional Results of Our Patients Who Had Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair. Kilinç Ö., Ertem K., Ergen E., Karaman S. 17th National Turkish Hand and Upper Extremity Surgery Congress, Turkey, 16 - 20 November 2020 6. Retrospective Examination of Patients Treated Surgically Due to Carpal Bone Cyst. Karaman S., Ekrem S., Ertem K. 29th National Turkish Orthopedics and Traumatology Congress, Antalya, Turkey, 22 - 27 October 2019, vol.53, p.47 7. Streptococus Pneumonia in the Proximal Humerus in a Baby Presenting with Brachial Plexus Disorder Clinic Case Report of Osteomyelitis Due to Disease. Karaman S., Özdeş H. U., Gündüz E. 29th National Turkish Orthopedics and Traumatology Congress, Antalya, Turkey, 22 - 27 October 2019, vol.53, pp.152 8. Retrospective Examination of Mid-Term Results of Surgical Treatment of ThumbMmetacarpophalangeal JointCollateral Ligament Injuries. Karaman S., Ekrem S., Ertem K. 29th National Turkish Orthopedics and Traumatology Congress, Antalya, Turkey, 22 - 27 October 2019, vol.53, pp.139-140 9. Retrospective Examination of Patients Who Had Tendon Transfers Due to Ulnar Nerve Paralysis. Karaman S., Ekrem S., Ertem K. 29th National Turkish Orthopedics and Traumatology Congress, Antalya, Turkey, 22 - 27 October 2019, vol.53, p.139 10. Case Report of Radial Nerve Interference Between the Fracture Line in Supracondylar Humerus Fracture . Karaman S., Sağir A., Çoban İ., Sevimli R. 29th National Turkish Orthopedics and Traumatology Congress, Antalya, Turkey, 22 - 27 October 2019, vol.53, pp.147-148 11. Should We Have A Controlling Hip X-Ray In A Child Whom His Hip Ultrasonography Reported As Normal Previously? Ceylan M. F., Karaman S., Karakaplan M. 17th International Eastern Mediterranean Family Medicine Congress, Adana, Turkey 10 - 13 May 2018 12. Medico-Legal Examination Of Patients With Developmental Dysplasia Of Hip Treated Surgically Due To Late Diagnosis. Ceylan M. F., Karakaplan M., Karaman S. 17. 17th International Eastern Mediterranean Family Medicine Congress, Adana, Turkey, 10 - 13 May 2018 13. Does The Implemented "Developmental Dysplasia Early Screening Program" Reduced The Need For Surgical Treatment? Ceylan M. F., Karakaplan M., Karaman S., Kaya R. 17th international eastern mediterranean family medicine congress, Adana, Turkey, 10 - 13 May 2018 14. Shoulder Septic Arthritis Occurring In Newborn With Brachial Plexus Paralysis Clinic; Case Report Presentation. Yıldırım E, Karaman S. 16th National Congress of the Turkish Society for Surgery of the Hand and Upper Extremity and 5th National Congress of the Hand Therapist Society Abstract Supplement. May 6-9 2018, Pamukkale, Denizli, Turkey. Hand Microsurg 2018;7: Suppl1. P.47

Specializations

Arthroscopic Surgery (Knee, Shoulder, Ankle)

Arthroplasty Surgery (Knee, Hip, Joint Prostheses)

Pediatric Orthopedics

Hand and Upper Extremity Surgery

Micro Surgery - Hand Surgery

Lengthening and Deformity Surgery

Athlete Injuries

Trauma (Fracture) Surgery

Experience

Beylikbağı Health Center (2008-2009)

Gebze Fatih State Hospital (2009-2013)

Kocaeli University Faculty of Medicine (2013-2018)

Gulf State Hospital (2018-2022)

Gebze Fatih State Hospital (2022-2023)

HospitalPark Darıca Hospital (2023-....)

Education

19 Mayıs University Faculty of Medicine 2001-2008

Kocaeli University Faculty of Medicine Specialization 2013 -2018

Faculty of Medicine Hacettepe School of Medicine (1994-2001)

Specialty training: Istanbul Training and Research Hospital (2002-2008)

In 2015, he was awarded the title of Associate Professor.

On February 01, 2021, he was promoted to Professor.

Professional Positions:

• Consultant MD, Balıkesir Military Hospital (2008-2009)

• Consultant MD, Şanlıurfa Training and Research Hospital (2009-2011)

• Assistant Professor MD, Dicle University, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology (2011-2017)

• Associate Professor MD, Istanbul Medipol University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology (2017-2020)

• Professor MD, Istanbul Medipol University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology (2021 – Ongoing)