أفضل استئصال السليلة الرحمية بالمنظار الجراحين في تركيا - توب -16 أطباء

Medical Field of lnterest

Invitrofertilization , Repeated ivf failure, Recurrent miscarriage, Reproductive immunology, Labioplasty ,Vaginoplasty

Memberships

• Turkish Medical Association

• Turkish Society of Gynecology and Obstetrics(TJOD)

• Society for IVF and Infertility (TUBID)

• European Society for Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE)

Courses and Training Programs Attended

1. Experimental Animal Use and Ethical Approach - Marmara University Faculty of Medicine 2003

2. Early Pregnancy Ultrasound Course - Istanbul 2004

3. Neonatal Resuscitation Program -Istanbul 2004

4. Basic Statistics Training Course - Marmara University Faculty of Medicine 2004

5. 3D Vienna International School of 3D Ultrasonography - Vienna 2005

6. 8th Turkish-German Gynecology Congress- Colposcopy Course -Antalya 2009

7. Colposcopy Course- TJOD Istanbul Branch 2009

8. Health Law Certificate Program - Istanbul 2010

9. Expert Witness Training Program in Cases Arising from Medical Interventions - Istanbul 2014

10. Ovulation Induction Course- 4th Acibadem Days- Istanbul 2016

11. Emergency Obstetric Care Clinician Training - Ministry of Health - 2019

12. Aesthetic Genital Surgery Fellowship - The British Academy of CME- 2023

13. International Cosmetic and Functional Gynecology- ISAGSS- 2023

Medical Interests 

Infertility and Intra Uterin Insemination (IUI) 

IVF Treatment 

Gynecological laparoscopic surgeries 

Hysteroscopic operations 

Pregnancy and vaginal-cesarean birth 

Endometriosis and Adenomyosis 

Laparoscopic endometriosis surgery 

Myoma uteri and surgery of myoma uteri 

Fallopian tube diseases and surgeries 

Ovarian cysts and related laparoscopic operations 

Urinary incontinence surgery 

Gynecological aesthetic surgery 

Uterine and pelvic prolapse surgery 

Cervical premalign lesions and treatments

Education 

Ankara University, School of Medicine (1999-2006) 

Ankara Dr. Zekai Tahir Burak Women’s Health and Research Hospital, Proficiency (2007-2012) 

Istanbul Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital Asistant Prof. (2015-2017) 

European Board of Advanced Gynecological Laparoscopic Surgery, IRCAD Strassbourg France (2013) 

Istanbul Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital Associate Prof. (2017-2020) 

European Board of Endometriosis Surgery, IRCAD Strassbourg, France (2019) 

Experience 

Istanbul Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital (2014-2020) 

Istanbul Sisli Kolan International Hospital (2020-2021) 

Liv Hospital Ulus (2021-) 

Memberships 

Turkish Society of Reproductive Medicine Association 

Turkish-German Gynecological Association 

Turkish Gynecology and Obstetrics Association 

European Society of Gynecological Endoscopy 

Minimal Invasive Gynecology Association 

Society of Minimal Invasive Urogynecology 

European Urogynecology Association

I am Assoc. Prof. Dr. Esra Ozbasli, a board-certified OB-GYN and Genital Cosmetic Surgeon with over 21 years of experience. My dedication to excellence and patient satisfaction has established our clinic as a trusted destination for women’s health and aesthetic procedures in Nişantaşı, heart of Istanbul.I received my medical degree from Istanbul University Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, followed by specialized training in obstetrics and gynecology at Istanbul Zeynep Kamil Women and Children Diseases Training and Research Hospital. After working as an academician at Acıbadem University for 12 years, I became an associate professor there by exhibiting my scientific articles in many respected international scientific journals published in Pubmed. During this period, I trained many medical students and OBGYN specialist colleagues in the field of genital aesthetics surgery, urogyneacology. My advanced training in genital cosmetic surgery provided me with expertise in the latest techniques for enhancing and restoring female genital aesthetics and function. I hold certifications in Genital Aesthetics and Cosmetic Gynecology (Vaginal Rejuvenation), Certificate of da Vinci System Training as a Console Surgeon (since 2013) and the ECFMG certificate for foreign medical graduates. Additionally, I possess advanced-level English proficiency (TOEFL score 600 in 2003), ensuring clear communication with international patients. I have completed an observership in New York University in 2005. 

Specialized Services:

 • Genital Cosmetic Surgery: Labioplasty, hudoplasty, vaginoplasty, lipofilling, PRP therapy, hyaluronic acid filling, hymenoplasty, labia majora plasty, vulvar whitening, G-shot, O-shot, treatment of atrophic vagina, lichen sclerosis, and vaginal laxity.

 • Minimally Invasive Surgery: Laparoscopy, robotic surgery, hysteroscopy for fibroids, endometrioma, endometrial polyps, ovarian cysts, tubal ligation, intrauterine septum resection, abnormal vaginal bleeding, and hysterectomy.

 • Menopause Treatment: Bioidentical hormone therapy for managing menopausal symptoms, mezotherapy and laser for atrophic vagina.

•Urinary incontinence treatment: Sling operations (TOT), hyaluronic acid filling, laser treatments.

• Cervical Dysplasia Diagnosis and Treatment: Co-test, PAP-smear, colposcopy guided biopsy and LEEP conization.

International Patient Services: 

We offer a package service for our foreign patients that includes: 

• Arrangements for flights and hotel stays • Pick-up service from the airport and hotel • Assistance throughout your stay to ensure a smooth and stress-free experience • Sightseeing of Istanbul before the surgery if requested

Why Choose Us: 

• Expertise: With over two decades of specialized experience, I offer advanced surgical techniques and personalized care. 

• Innovation: Utilizing the latest technology in minimally invasive and cosmetic procedures to ensure optimal results.

 • Quality Care: I perform my surgeries in A-class hospitals equipped with advanced technological surgical devices. 

• Compassion: Committed to providing a comfortable, supportive, and private environment for all patients. 

• AREAS OF INTEREST
• Abdominal lining cancers
• Gastric cancer
• Colon rectum cancer
• pancreatic cancer
• breast cancer diseases
• Thyroid cancer diseases
• Liver gallbladder surgery
• Laparoscopic cancer surgery

• Education
• 1993 Ondokuzmayıs University Faculty of Medicine
• 2000 Ankara University Faculty of Medicine Medical Specialization
• 2007 Ankara University Surgical Oncology Sub-branch Specialization

• Experience
• 1995-2000 Ankara University Faculty of Medicine Department of General Surgery Res.Asst.
• 2001-2002 Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Medicine Department of General Surgery Lecturer
• 2002-April 2004 Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Medicine Department of General Surgery Assoc. Prof.
• 2004- October 2007 Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Surgical Oncology Subspecialty Training
• October 2006 Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Medicine, Department of General Surgery, Associate Professor
• January 2012 Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Medicine, Department of General Surgery, Professor

• Memberships in Scientific Organizations
• Surgical Oncology Association, Turkish Surgical Association
• Turkish Colon and Rectal Surgery Association
• National Vascular Surgery Association, Turkish Medical Association
• Refereeing in Scientific Journals
• Turkish Journal of Surgery
• Turkish Clinics Journal of Medical Sciences
• Cumhuriyet Medical Journal  
• Dicle Medical Journal

• Awards
• Best Research Award (E19)
• Surgical Oncology Congress (Istanbul, 2003)
• Poster 3rd Place Award (E7)
• Poster 1st Place Award (E51)
• Clinical Enteral Parenteral Nutrition
• Congress (Istanbul, 2000)
• TÜSAD (Çeşme 2012)
•  
•  
• Education and Training:
• Medical Degree: Graduated from Ankara University Faculty of Medicine.
• Specialization in General Surgery: Completed residency at Ankara University Faculty of Medicine from 1995 to 2000.
• Subspecialty in Surgical Oncology: Advanced training in Surgical Oncology at Ankara University from 2004 to 2007.

• Professional Experience:
• Academic Roles: Served as Assistant Professor and Associate Professor at Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Medicine, contributing significantly to medical education and research from 2001 to 2004.
• Current Position: Practicing at İstinye University Hospital Medical Park Gaziosmanpaşa, Istanbul, where he provides expert surgical oncology and general surgery services.

• Areas of Expertise:
• Cancer Surgery: Specializes in colorectal, gastric, pancreatic, and liver cancers, with extensive experience in managing complex oncological cases.
• General Surgery: Expertise in treating conditions such as gallstones, hernias, thyroid disorders, and gastrointestinal diseases.
• Advanced Surgical Techniques: Proficient in minimally invasive laparoscopic and robotic surgeries, ensuring better outcomes and quicker recovery for patients.

• Achievements and Recognition:
• Published Research: Authored numerous articles in prestigious medical journals, contributing to advancements in surgical oncology.
• Professional Awards: Recipient of the Best Research Award at the Surgical Oncology Congress in Istanbul (2003) and a Poster Award for his contributions to cancer research.

Gynecology and Obstetrics

Pendik Medipol University Hospital

Education

2011 Süleyman Demirel University Faculty of Medicine, Gynecology and Obstetrics 

2005 İstanbul University, Faculty of Medicine

Publications

1- Tola EN, Mungan MT, Uğuz AC, Naziroğlu M. Intracellular Ca2+ and antioxidant values induced positive effect on fertilisation ratio and oocyte quality of granulosa cells in patients undergoing in vitro fertilisation. Reprod Fertil Dev. 2013; 

2- Tola EN, Elezoglu B, Dellal FD. Simple vulval trichilemmal cyst. J Obstet Gynaecol. 2013 Apr; 

3- Bilen E, Tola EN, Oral B, Doguç DK, Günyeli I, Köse SA, Ilhan I. Do follicular fluid gelatinase levels affect fertilization rates and oocyte quality? Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2014 Dec; 

4- Tola EN, Karatopuk DU, Koroglu N, Ergin M, Oral HB. Follicular ADAMTS-1 and aggrecan levels in polycystic ovary syndrome. J Assist Reprod Genet. 2017 Jun;

5- Tola EN, Yalcin SE, Dugan N. The predictive effect of inflammatory markers and lipid accumulation product index on clinical symptoms associated with polycystic ovary syndrome in nonobese adolescents and younger aged women. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2017 Jul; 

6- Tola EN, Koroglu ND, Yalcin SE, Oral HB. The role of serum ADAMTS-1 and aggrecan on polycystic ovary syndrome in adolescents and younger-aged females. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2018 Feb;

7- Koroglu N, Tola E, Temel Yuksel I, Aslan Cetin B, Turhan U, Topcu G, Dag I. Maternal serum AMP-activated protein kinase levels in mild and severe preeclampsia. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2018 Mar 

8- Tola EN. The association between in vitro fertilization outcome and the inflammatory markers of complete blood count among nonobese unexplained infertile couples. Taiwanese Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology 2018 Apr; 

9- Asci H, Erol O, Ellidag HY, Tola EN, Savran M, Ozmen O. Pathological effects of cigarettes on the reproductive system and the protective effects of alpha-lipoic acid in female rats. Toxicol Ind Health. 2018 Jun;

10- Tola EN, Köroğlu N, Ergin M, Oral HB, Turgut A, Erel Ö. The Role of Follicular Fluid Thiol/Disulphide Homeostasis in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Balkan Med J. 2018 Jul 24;

11- Tola EN, Koroglu N, Yıldırım GY, Koca HB. The role of ADAMTS-2, collagen type-1, TIMP-3 and papilin levels of uterosacral and cardinal ligaments in the etiopathogenesis of pelvic organ prolapse among women without stress urinary incontinence. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2018 Oct 

12- Yildirim Bas F, Tola EN, Sak S, Cankaya BA The role of complete blood inflammation markers in the prediction of spontaneous abortion. Pak J Med Sci. 2018 Nov-Dec; 

13- Tola EN, Aslan Koşar P, Ulusoy Karatopuk D, Sancer O, Oral HB. The effect of DNA damage of cumulus oophorus cells and lymphocytes analyzed by alkaline comet assay on oocyte quality and ICSI success among patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 2019 Mar; 

14- Koroglu N, Temel Yuksel I, Aslan Cetin B, Nur Tola E, Fitnat Topbas N, Turhan, U, Yetkin Yildirim G. Increased pancreatic-derived factor (PANDER) levels in gestational diabetes mellitus. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2019 Apr 

15- Koroglu N, Tayyar A, Tola EN, Yetkin Yildirim G, Temel Yuksel I, Aslan Cetin B, Dag I, Acar DK. Increased levels of the novel hepatokine fetuin B in patients with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2019 May; 

16- Köroğlu N, Aydogan Mathyk B, Tola EN, Aslan Çetin B, Yüksel Temel I, Dağ I, Yildirim Yetkin G. Gremlin-1 and Gremlin-2 levels in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and their clinical correlations. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2019 Jul; 

17- Tola EN, Oral HB. The role of paternal obesity on the success of intra cytoplasmic sperm injection cycle in a tertiary IVF center in Turkey. J Pak Med Assoc. 2019; 

18- Tola EN. The effect of anesthetic agents for oocyte pick-up on in vitro fertilization outcome: A retrospective study in a tertiary center. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol. 2019 Sep; 

19- Bakar Z, Koroglu N, Turkgeldi L, Tola EN, Aslan Cetin B, Gedikbasi A. Maternal serum procalcitonin levels in prediction of chorioamnionitis in women with preterm premature rupture of membranes. Archives of Medical Science (DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/aoms.2019.86191 Online publish date: 2019/07/

20- Tola EN, Eris Yalcin S, Köroglu N, Oral B. The association of Type D personality and depression with infertility in women. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol. 2019 Feb 

21- Cebe FS, Tola EN, Koşar Aslan P, Oral B. DNA methylation profiles of genes associated with angiogenesis in the samples of placenta in pregnancies complicated by intrauterine growth restriction. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2019 Oct

22- Tola EN. First trimester spontaneous uterine rupture in a young woman with uterine anomaly. Case Rep Obstet Gynecol. 2014; 

Tola EN, Erdemoglu E, Erdemoglu E. Uterine sparing surgical methods in pelvic organ prolapse. Turk J Obstet Gynecol. 2015 Sep; 

23- Kose SA, Akkurt MO, Yavuz A, Eris S, Tola EN, Ozkaya MO, Sezik M. Conventional 22- and 20-gauge needle for second trimester amniocentesis: A comparison of short term outcomes. Turk J Obstet Gynecol. 2016 Mar; 

24- Tola EN, Erdemoglu E, Yalçın Y, Alkaya Solmaz F, Erdemoglu E. A 27-kg mucinous cystadenoma of the ovary presenting with deep vein thrombosis. Turk J Obstet Gynecol. 2016 Mar; 

Aydin C, Eris Yalcin S, Yalcin Y, Uysal D, Akkurt MO, Yavuz A, Sen Selim H, Tola EN. Risk factors of placenta previa: a population based study and the review of the literature. Medicine Science 2016;

25- Koroglu N, Tayyar A, Tola EN, Aslan Cetin B, Okmen Ozkan B, Yalcın Bahat P, Yetkin Yildirim G, Bagci Cakmak K, Temel Yuksel I. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, mean platelet volume and plateletcrit in isolated intrauterine growth restriction and prediction of being born small for gestational age. Arch Med Sci Civil Dis 2017; 

26- Yetkin Yildirim G, Koroglu N, Tayyar A, Demirezen G, Tola EN. Preliminary Results of a Controlled Randomized Study on Double-Balloon Catheter vs. Dinoprostone Vaginal Insert for Induction of Labor With an Unfavorable Cervix. Turkiye Klinikleri J Med Sci 2018 Apr; 

27- Tola EN, Eris Yalcin S, Koroglu N, Oral HB. Adolesan ve genç yaş kadınlarda poliskitik over sendromu etyopatogenezinde ADAMTS-1 ve agrekanın rolu. 25th European Congress of Obstetrics and Gynecology & 15th Congress of Turkish Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 17- 21 May 2017, Titanic Deluxe, Antalya, Türkiye.

28- Tola EN, Eris Yalcin S, Koroglu Dugan N. Nonobez adolesanlarda LAP indeks ve inflamatuar belirteclerin PCOS etyopatogenezinde ve PCOS’la ilişkili klinik durumların oluşmasındaki etkisi. 25th European Congress of Obstetrics and Gynecology & 15th Congress of Turkish Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 17- 21 May 2017, Titanic Deluxe, Antalya, Türkiye.

29- Tola EN, Karatopuk DU, Köroğlu N, Ergin M, Oral HB. Follicular ADAMTS-1 and aggrecan levels in polycystic ovary syndrome. 33th Annual Meeting of European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology, 2- 5 July 2017, Geneva, Switzerland.

30- Tola EN, Bilen E, Oral HB, Doguç DK, Günyeli İ, İlhan İ. Folikuler sıvı gelatinaz düzeyinin oosit kalitesi ve fertilizasyona etkisi. 19th World Congress on IVF in Conjuction with 6th Society of Reproductive Medicine and Surgery Congress, 4- 8 October 2017, Regnum Carya, Antalya, Türkiye..

31- Tola EN, Akkuş F. Oosit toplama işlemi sırasında kullanılan anestezik ajanların in vitro fertilizasyon sonucuna etkisi. 19th World Congress on IVF in Conjuction with 6th Society of Reproductive Medicine and Surgery Congress, 4- 8 October, 2017, Regnum Carya, Antalya, Türkiye.

32- Koroglu N, Tola EN, Temel Yuksel I, Aslan Cetin B, Turhan U, Topcu G, Dag I. Maternal serum AMP-activated protein kinase levels in mild and severe preeclampsia. 26th European Board & College of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 8-10 March 2018, Paris, France.

33- Cebe FS, Tola EN, Koşar Aslan P, Oral B. DNA methylation profiles of genes associated with anginonesis in pregnancies complicated by intrauterine growth restriction. 14th World Congress of Perinatal Medicine, 11-14 September 2019, Istanbul, Turkey.

34- Tola EN, Şentürk R. The role of systemic and local oxidant-antioxidant status on embryo quality and intracytoplasmic sperm injection- embryo transfer success in unexplained infertile women, 20-22 September 2019, Radisson Blu, Çeşme, İzmir, Turkey.

35- Unal S, Tola EN, Karahasanoğlu A. Intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycle (ICSI) outcome in patients under 35 years old with diminished ovarian reserve plus severe male factor, 20-22 September 2019, Radisson Blu, Çeşme, İzmir, Turkey.

36- Tola EN. The role of Type D personality on in vitro fertilization outcome among women with unexplained infertility. 20th World Congress of in Vitro Fertilization, 24-26 October 2019, Barcelona, Spain.

37- Köroğlu N, Akca A, Bakar Z, Topçu G, Tola EN, Yetkin Yıldırım G, Aslan Çetin B. The factors affect patient satisfaction after transobturator teyp (TOT) operation. 25. European Congress of Obstetrics and Gynecology&15. Congress of Turkish Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology, May, 2017, Titanic Deluxe, Antalya, Türkiye.

38- Tola EN, Eris Yalçın S, Koroglu Dugan N, Oral HB. Tip D kişilik yapısının kadın fertilitesi üzerine etkisi. 19th world congress on IVF in conjuction with 6th Society of Reproductive Medicine and Surgery Congress, October 4- 8 2017, Regnum Carya, Antalya, Türkiye.

39- Tola EN. Açıklanamayan infertilitesi olan kadınlarda tam kan sayımındaki inflamatuar parametrelerin araştırılması. 19th World Congress on IVF in Conjuction with 6th Society of Reproductive Medicine and Surgery Congress, October 4- 8 2017, Regnum Carya, Antalya, Türkiye.

40- Sancer O, Aslan Kosar P, Safi Oz Z, Tola EN, Togay AV, Ciris IM. Micronucleus detection in cervical smear and comet tests in blood sample of reproductive and menopausal periods for DNA damage evaluation. 6th International Congress of Molecular Medicine, 22- 25 May 2017, Istanbul, Turkey.

41- Tola EN, Ozkaya O. Genç bir hastada total uterin prolapsus tedavisinde Carter-Thomason operasyonu: olgu sunumu. SDÜ Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi. 2013; 

42- Tola EN. Hiperemezis gravidarumda tedavi modaliteleri. SDÜ Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2014; 

43- Tola EN. Oksi̇dan ve anti̇oksi̇dan si̇stemleri̇n kadın ferti̇li̇tesi̇ne etki̇leri. SDÜ Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. SDÜ Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2014; 

44- Aynalı A, Cicioğlu B, Tola EN, Önal S, Çetin E. Isparta Yöresindeki Kadınlarda Sitomegalovirüs Seropozitiflik Oranları. Journal of Clinical and Analytical Medicine. 2015; 

45- Aynalı A, Cicioğlu B, Tola EN, Önal S, Çetin E. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Hastanesi’ne başvuran doğurganlık çağındaki kadınlarda gözlenen anti-Toxoplasma IgM ve IgG seropozitifliği. Türk Hijyen ve Deneysel Biyoloji Dergisi. 2016; 

46- Bilen E, Yüksel M, Sezik M, Köse SA, Tola EN. Gebeliğin 11-14 haftasında karyotipleme amaçlı koryon villüs biyopsisi: 42 Olgunun değerlendirilmesi. SDÜ Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2015; 

47- Aynalı A, Cicioğlu B, Tola EN, Önal S, Çetin E. Doğurganlık Yaş Grubundaki Kadınlarda Rubella IgM ve IgG Seroprevalansı. SDÜ Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi. 2016; 

48- Tola EN, Oral HB. Erken Erişkinlik Döneminde Serum Ferritin ve C-Reaktif Protein Düzeylerinin Polikistik Over Sendromu Etyopatogenezine ve İlişkili Klinik Durumlara Etkisi. Zeynep Kamil Tıp Bülteni. 2018; 

49- Yalçın Eriş S, Yalçın Y, Tola EN, Yavuz A, Akkurt MO, Sezik M, Özkaya MO. Fetal manyetik rezonans görüntüleme endikasyonlarının incelenmesi. Perinataloji Dergisi.2018; 

50- Tola EN, Güney M. Embryo ve fundal endometrial yüzey arasındaki mesafenin intra sitoplazmik sperm injeksiyonu sikluslarında sonuçlara etkisi. Bozok Tıp Dergisi. 2018; 

51- Köroğlu N, Yetkin Yıldırım G, Tola EN, Aslan Çetin B, Bağcı Çakmak K, Polat I. Açıklanamayan İnfertilitede Klomifen Sitrat ile Ovulasyon İndüksiyonunda Gebeliğe Etki Eden Faktörler. İKSSTD. 2019;

52- Tola EN, Mungan T, Bayhan G, Oral B, Güney M, Özatik O. İn vitro fertilizasyon hastalarından elde edilen granuloza hücrelerindeki intraseluler kalsiyum düzeyinin ve oksidan parametrelerin oosit kalitesine ve fertilizasyon oranlarına etkisi: Prospektif klinik çalışma. 9. Türk Jinekoloji ve Obstetri Kongresi, 17-22 Mayıs 2011, Kervansaray Otel Antalya, Türkiye.

53- Tola EN, Günyeli I, Soyupek S, Köse SA, Erdemoğlu E. Pelvik organ prolapsusunda lapaparaskopik sakrohisteropeksi. 5. Uludağ Minimal İnvaziv Jinekoloji Sempozyumu ve akademisi, 23-26 Ocak 2014, Crown Plaza Hotel, Bursa, Türkiye.

54- Tola EN, Köroğlu N, Ergin M, Oral HB, Erel Ö. Polikistik Over Sendromunda Folikuler Sıvı Tiol/Disulfid Homeostazı. 13. Ulusal Uludağ Kış Kongresi, 2-5 Mart 2017, Grand Yazıcı, Uludağ, Bursa, Türkiye.

55- Tola EN. Pelvik organ prolapsusunda kollajen tip-1 ve kollajen metabolizması düzenleyicilerinin araştırılması. For the 2nd Minimal invaziv jinekolojik cerrahi kongresi. 21-25 Şubat 2018, Wyndham Grand Levent, İstanbul, Türkiye.

56- Tola EN. Embryo fundus mesafesinin ICSI sonuçlarına etkisi. 7. Jinekolojik Endoskopi Sempozyum ve Çalıştayı & 2. Üreme endokrinolojisi ve infertilite akademisi, 8-11 Mart 2018, Grand Yazıcı, Uludağ, Bursa, Türkiye.

57- Tola EN. Paternal obezitenin ICSI başarısına etkisi. 7. Jinekolojik Endoskopi Sempozyum ve Çalıştayı & 2. Üreme endokrinolojisi ve infertilite akademisi, 8-11 Mart 2018, Grand Yazıcı, Uludağ, Bursa, Türkiye.

58- Tola EN. Serum ferritin ve C-reaktif protein seviyelerinin PCOS etyopatogenezine ve ilişkili klinik durumlara etkisi. 7. Jinekolojik Endoskopi Sempozyum ve Çalıştayı & 2. Üreme endokrinolojisi ve infertilite akademisi, 8-11 Mart 2018, Grand Yazıcı, Uludağ, Bursa, Türkiye.

59- Şentürk R, Tola EN, Oral HB, Doğuç Kumbul D, Bozkurt M. Serum ve folikuler sıvı vitamin B12, folat, homosistein, seviyelerinin infertilite etyolojisine ve in vitro fertilizasyon sonuçlarına etkisi. 15. Türk Jinekoloji ve Obstetri Kongresi, 9-13 Mayıs 2018, Titanic Deluxe, Antalya, Türkiye.

60- Tola EN, Aslan Koşar P. The association between DNA damage of granulosa cells and oocyte quality. 15. Ulusal Üreme Sağlığı ve İnfertilite Kongresi, 8-11 Kasım 2018, Belek, Antalya, Türkiye.

61- Tola EN, Aslan Koşar P, Ulusoy Karatopuk D, Sancer O, Oral HB. The role of DNA integrity parameters of cumulus oophorus cells and lymphocytes on ICSI success among patients with PCOS. 15. Ulusal Üreme Sağlığı ve İnfertilite Kongresi, 8-11 Kasım 2018, Belek, Antalya, Türkiye.

62- Köroğlu N, Aydogan Mathyk B, Tola EN, Aslan Çetin B, Yüksel Temel I, Dağ I, Yıldırım Yetkin G. Polikistik over sendromu ve ilişkili klinik durumlarda gremlin-1 and gremlin-2 seviyeleri. 15. Ulusal Üreme Sağlığı ve İnfertilite Kongresi, 8-11 Kasım 2018, Belek, Antalya, Türkiye.

63- Ünal S, Tola EN, KarahasAnoğlu A. İyi overyan rezervli ileri yaş vakalarda preimplantasyonel genetik tanısız (PGT) iyi kalite blastokist transferinin gebelik sonuçlarına etkisi. 7. Üreme Tıbbı ve Cerrhisi Derneği Kongresi, 3-6 Ekim 2019, Kaya palazzo, Belek, Antalya, Türkiye.

64- Yetkin Yıldırım G, Tola EN. Serum OKL38 seviyelerinin polikistik over sendromu etyopatogenezi ve ilgili klinik durumlarla ilişkisi. 1ST Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum Günleri, Ovulasyon İndüksiyonu Sempozyumu, 19-20 Ekim 2019, Shimall otel, Gaziantep, Türkiye.

65- Ünal S, Tola EN, Karahasanoğlu A. Elektif tek ve çift blastokist transferiyle klinik olarak gebe kalan 35 yaş altı kadınlarda obstetrik ve perinatal sonuçların karşılaştırılması. 1ST Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum Günleri, Ovulasyon Indüksiyonu Sempozyumu, 19-20 Ekim 2019, Shimall otel, Gaziantep, Türkiye.

66- Tola EN. Foliküler ADAMTS-1 ve versikan seviyelerinin açıklanamayan infertile ve oosit kalitesiyle olan ilişkisinin araştırılması. 1ST Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum Günleri, Ovulasyon Indüksiyonu Sempozyumu, 19-20 Ekim 2019, Shimall otel, Gaziantep, Türkiye.

67- Tola EN. Tam kan sayımındaki inflamatuar parametrelerin polikistik over sendromu oluşumuna ve in vitro fertilizasyon sonuçlarına etkisi, 1. Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum Günleri, Ovulasyon Indüksiyonu Sempozyumu, 19-20 Ekim 2019, Shimall otel, Gaziantep, Türkiye.

68- Kılınçdemir Turgut Ü, Tola EN, Sezik M. Fetal anomalilerin ilk trimester bulgularına dair deneyimlerimiz. 1ST Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum Günleri, Ovulasyon Indüksiyonu Sempozyumu, 19-20 Ekim 2019, Shimall otel, Gaziantep, Türkiye.

69- Tola EN, Özkaya O. Uterin anomalili genç bir hastada birinci trimester spontan skars›z uterin rüptürü: Olgu sunumu, 14. Ulusal Perinataloji Kongresi, 19-22 Eylül 2013, Sarıgerme, Muğla, Türkiye.

70- Tola EN, Oral B, Köse SA, Günyeli İ. Genç bir hastada uterin prolapsus tedavisinde Carter-Thomason operasyonu: vaka sunumu. 6. Ulusal Ürojinekoloji Kongresi, Kasım 2013, İstanbul, Türkiye.

71- Yüksel M, Köse SA, Akkuş F, Tola EN. Sezeryan skarında endometriozis: vaka sunumu. 12. Ulusal Türk Jinekoloji ve Obsteri Kongresi, 15-19 Mayıs 2014, Rixos Sungate, Antalya, Türkiye.

72- Köse SA, Yüksel M, Günyeli İ, Tola EN. Fetal membranların prolabe olduğu servikal yetmezlik vakalarında acil serklaj uygulamaları. 12. Ulusal Türk Jinekoloji ve Obsteri Kongresi, 15-19 Mayıs 2014, Rixos Sungate, Antalya, Türkiye.

73- Aynalı A, Arıdoğan BC, Tola EN, Önal S, Çetin ES. Isparta bölgesinde kadınlarda Toxoplazma seroprevelansı. 36. Türk Mikrobiyoloji Kongresi, 12-16 Kasım 2014, Kaya Palazzo, Antalya, Türkiye.

74- Aynalı A, Arıdoğan BC, Tola EN, Önal S, Çetin ES. Isparta yöresinde kadınlarda Rubella seroprevelansı. 36. Türk Mikrobiyoloji Kongresi, 12-16 Kasım 2014, Kaya Palazzo, Antalya, Türkiye.

75- Aynalı A, Arıdoğan BC, Tola EN, Önal S, Çetin ES. Isparta yöresinde kadınlarda CMV seroprevelansı. 36. Türk Mikrobiyoloji Kongresi, 12-16 Kasım 2014, Kaya Palazzo, Antalya, Türkiye.

76- Önal S, Tola EN, Çiftçi E, Aynalı A, Arıdoğan BC. Servikal smearda human papilloma virusun insidansı ve genetic dağılımı. 36. Türk Mikrobiyoloji Kongresi, 12-16 Kasım 2014, Kaya Palazzo, Antalya, Türkiye.

77- Yıldırım Baş F, Tola EN, Sak S, Çankaya BA. Düşüklerde hematolojik parametrelerin tanısal değeri. 10. Aile Hekimliği Araştırma Günleri, 6- 9 Nisan 2017, Erciyes Üniversitesi Sabancı Kültür Merkezi, Kayseri, Türkiye.

78- Eriş Yalçın S, Akkurt MO, Yalçın Y, Yavuz A, Tola EN, Sezik M. distal tirzomi 15q sendromunun prenatal bulguları. 16. Ulusal perinataloji kongresi, 28 Eylül-1 Ekim 2017, Titanic Deluxe, Bodrum, Türkiye.

79- Eriş Yalçın S, Yalçın Y, Tola EN, Yavuz A, Akkurt MO, Sezik M, Özkaya MO. Tersiyer bir merkezde fetal manyetik rezonan endikasyonlarının incelenmesi. 16. Ulusal perinataloji kongresi, 28 Eylül-1 Ekim 2017, Titanic Deluxe, Bodrum, Türkiye.

80- Tola EN, Şentürk R. Açıklanamayan infertilite etyopatogenezinde sistemik ve foliküler total oksidan status (TAS), total antioksidan status (TOS) ve oksidatif stres indeksinin (OSI) rolü, 7. Üreme Tıbbı ve Cerrhisi Derneği Kongresi, 3-6 Ekim 2019, Kaya palazzo, Belek, Antalya, Türkiye.

81- Tola EN. Gebelikte beslenme. SDÜ Tıp Fakültesi Hastanesi Şurup Dergisi Nisan 2014; 5(17): 24-27.

82- Yürütücü - Oksidatif stresle aktive edilen cho hücrelerinde resveratrolun hücre içi kalsiyum sinyali ve apoptozis üzerine etkilerinin araştırılması’, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri (BAP) 4091-TU2-14 nolu proje, 2016.

83- Yürütücü -İn vitro fertilizasyona giden hastalarin serum ve folikuler sivisinda vitamin, mikroelement, makroelement düzeylerini ve oksidatif ve antioksidan parametreleri araştırmak’, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri (BAP) 4913-TU2-17 nolu proje, 2018.

84- Asistan Doktor Aysun Alpaslan Çulha - ‘Oksidatif stresle aktive edilen cho hücrelerinde resveratrolun hücre içi kalsiyum sinyali ve apoptozis üzerine etkilerinin araştırılması’ ; Doktora Tezi

85- Asistan Doktor Raziye Şentürk - ‘İn vitro fertilizasyona giden hastalarin serum ve folikuler sıvısında vitamin, mikroelement, makroelement düzeylerini ve oksidatif ve antioksidan parametreleri araştirmak’ ; Doktora Tezi

Education and Specialization

2003 - 2009 - Ege University Faculty of Medicine - Medical Education

2009 - 2014 - Istanbul University Istanbul Faculty of Medicine Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology - Specialization

2016 - 2019- Health Sciences University Bakırköy Dr. Sadi Konuk Education and Research Hospital Gynecologic Oncology Surgery- Sub-branch Specialization

Experience

2014 - 2016 Yozgat Sorgun State Hospital Gynecology and Obstetrics Clinic- Compulsory Service

2019 - 2021 Health Sciences University Sultangazi Haseki Education and Research Hospital Gynecologic Oncology Clinic- Compulsory Service

2019 - University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, Observer Fellow

Courses and Certificates

1 - Individual European Gynecologic Oncology Accreditation Certificate, 2019, (ESGO Individual Accreditation Certificate), European Society of Gynecological Oncology, Prague, Czech Republic.

2 - Certificate of Use of Robotic Surgery, February 21-25, 2018 Congress of Minimally Invasive Gynecological Surgery, Istanbul, Turkey

3 - International Video Workshop on Radical Surgery in Gynecological Oncology, April 26-28, 2018, Prague, Czech Republic

4 - Advanced Robotics and Minimally Invasive Surgery Course in Gynecological Surgery, April 4-5, 2019, Houston, USA

Professional Memberships

European Society of Gynecological Oncology, (ESGO)

Turkish Society of Gynecology and Obstetrics

Turkish Medical Association Istanbul Branch

Turkish Society of Gynecological Oncology

Areas of Interest

Scarless Surgery

Ovarian Cancer

Uterine Cancers

Colposcopy

Vulvar Cancer

Menopause

Endometriosis

Genital Aesthetics

Articles Published in Internationally Peer-Reviewed Journals

A.1 COMBA CIHAN, COMBA ATAKAN,YILMAZ HAKAN,ERDOGAN SAKIR VOLKAN,DEMIR ÖMER (2020). Celiac disease does not affect markers of ovarian reserve in adolescent girls. Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics, 1-7.,

A.2 COMBA CIHAN, DEMIRAYAK GÖKHAN, ERDOGAN SAKIR VOLKAN, KARACA IBRAHIM, DEMIR ÖMER, GÜLER OGUZ, ÖZDEMIR ISA AYKUT (2020). Comparison of Pain and Proper Sample Status According to Usage of Tenaculum and Analgesia: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Obstetrics Gynecology Science, Doi: 10.5468/ogs.19185,

A.3 KARACA IBRAHIM,ERDOGAN SAKIR VOLKAN,DOGAN KEZIBAN,ALAY ISMAIL,INCE ONUR,KARACA SUNA YILDIRIM,COMBA CIHAN,BAHCECI ECE,ERDOGAN ALIYE,ÖZTÜRK EMINE,EKIN MURAT (2020). The effects of exogenous oral micronized progesterone on first trimester aneuploidy screening markers in women with threatened miscarriage: a matched case control study. Journal of Maternal-Fetal Neonatal Medicine, 33(14), 1-6., Doi: 10.1080/14767058.2020.1745175, A.4 KARACA IBRAHIM, ÖZTÜRK MUSTAFA, COMBA CIHAN, DEMIRAYAK GÖKHAN,ERDOGAN SAKIR VOLKAN, ÖZDEMIR İSA AYKUT, HOSGÖREN M URAT (2019). Does the ‘equal management of equal risks’ model cause overtreatment in patients with positive cervical cytology results for ASCUS/non- HPV16/18 oncogenic types? DIAGNOSTIC CYTOPATHOLOGY, 47(2), 105-109., Doi: 10.1002/dc.24029,

A.5 OZTURK EMINE,INCE ONUR,KARACA IBRAHIM,DEMIRAYAK GOKHAN,COMBA CIHAN,ALAY ISMAIL,ERGOGAN SAKIR VOLKAN,KARACA SUNA YILDIRIM,OZDEMIR ISA AYKUT (2020). The impact of concurrent HPV infections on the presentation of high grade cervical intraepithelial lesions. Ginekologia Polska, 91(1), 6-12., Doi: 10.5603/GP.2020.0002,

A.6 KARASU AYSE FILIZ GÖKMEN,AYDIN ​​SERDAR,ATES SEDA,TAKMAZ TAHA,COMBA CIHAN (2020). Administration of Rectal Cytotec Versus Rectal Buscopan Before Hysteroscopy. MINIMALLY INVASIVE THERAPY ALLIED TECHNOLOGIES, 29(3), 1-5., Doi: 10.1080/13645706.2020.1748059,

A.7 OZDEMIR ISA AYKUT, COMBA CIHAN, DEMIRAYAK GOKHAN,GULSEREN VAROL,ERDOGAN SAKIR VOLKAN, ASLANOVA FIDAN, AFSAR SELIM,GUNGORDUK KEMAL (2019). Impact of pre-operative walking on postoperative bowel function in patients with gynecologic cancer. International Journal Of Gynecological Cancer, 29(8), 1311-1316., Doi: 10.1136/ijgc-2019-000633,

Areas of Expertise and Interest

• Urological Cancers (Robotic and Laparoscopic Surgery)
• Stone diseases
• Benign prostate hyperplasia
• Minimally invasive prostate treatments (HoLEP, TuLEP, Rezum, TUR-P,..)
• Kidney Diseases
• Prostate Diseases
• Bladder Diseases
• Testis Diseases
• Sexual Dysfunctions - Infertility
• Infections

Education

• Bachelor's / Master's Degree: Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, 2006
• PhD: Urology, Bezmialem Vakıf University, 2012

Professional and Observational Experience in Medicine

• Research Assistant, Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, 10/2006 - 03/2007
• Research Assistant, Bezmialem Valide Sultan Foundation Gureba Training and Research Hospital, Urology Clinic, 08/2007 - 10/2010
• Research Assistant, Bezmialem University, Department of Urology, 10/2010 - 08/2012
• Observer, University of Michigan, Department of Urology, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, 05/2011 - 06/2011
• Specialist, Idil State Hospital, Idil, Şırnak, 11/2012 - 08/2014
• Specialist, Giresun Dr. A. İlhan Özdemir State Hospital, Giresun, 09/2014 - 2015
• Associate Professor, Bezmialem Vakıf University, Department of Urology, 2015 - 2024
• Associate Professor, Medipol Acıbadem Regional Hospital, 2024 - Present

Awards Received

• Effects of Sildenafil Citrate and Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors on the Expression of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase, Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase, Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase, and Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1 Alpha in Pulmonary Hypertension-Induced Rat Cavernous Tissues. Ilbey Y.Ö, Şimşek A, Özcan L, Cilli M, Polat E.C, Ersöz C, Somay A, Özbek E. 8th National Andrology Congress (International Participation), İzmir, Turkey, May 20-23. Congress Abstract Book; 22: SS-01 (2009). (Male Sexual Health Alpay Kelami Award)
• Extraperitoneal (EXPERT-ONOL) Sacrocolpopexy in the Treatment of Advanced Uterovaginal and Vaginal Prolapse: Intermediate-Term Results. Önol Ş.Y, Armağan A, Tepeler A, Başıbüyük İ, Ersöz C, Erdem M.R. 22nd National Urology Congress (International Participation), Girne, Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, May 02-06. Congress Abstract Book, 369: V-021 (2012).

Certificates

• Prof. Cevper Ersöz has over 130 national and international publications.

Memberships in Scientific Organizations

• Turkish Urology Association
• Turkish Pediatric Urology Association
• Turkish Endourology Association
• European Association of Urology (EAU)
• European Society of Endourology

Maviş Özge Gedik, MD

Professional Summary:

Dr. Maviş Özge Gedik is a highly skilled obstetrician andgynecologist with extensive experience in the field of IVF (InVitro Fertilization). With a passion for helping couplesachieve their dream of parenthood, Dr. Gedik has dedicatedher career to providing compassionate care and personalizedtreatment plans to her patients.

Education:

- Doctor of Medicine (MD), Istanbul University Faculty of Medicine

- IVF Specialist, Istanbul American Hospital Fertility Clinic, Istanbul (Fellowship)

Experience:

- Obstetrician and Gynecologist,Taksim Education andResearch Hospital , Istanbul 

 - Provided comprehensive obstetric and gynecological care topatients.

 - Conducted routine check-ups, prenatal care, and managedhigh-risk pregnancies.

 - Performed various gynecological surgeries and procedures.

 - Led a multidisciplinary team in the diagnosis and treatmentof infertility.

 - Designed individualized IVF treatment plans tailored toeach patient's needs.

 - Conducted egg retrieval, embryo transfer, and monitoredpatients throughout the IVF process.

 - Achieved high success rates in assisting patients to conceivethrough IVF.

Certifications:

- IVF Certification

Skills:

- Expertise in infertility diagnosis and treatment

- Proficient in IVF procedures including egg retrieval andembryo transfer

- Compassionate patient care

- Multidisciplinary teamwork

- Strong communication and interpersonal skills

Dr. Maviş Özge Gedik is committed to providing the highestquality care to her patients and strives to make the journey toparenthood a positive and fulfilling experience.

Medical Interests 

Gynecological Cancers (Ovarian-Endometrial-Cervical Cancers) 

Gynecological Endoscopic Surgery 

Cervical Pathologies/ Colposcopy  

Education 

Akdeniz University Medical Faculty 1999-2005 

Zeynep Kamil Training Hospital Obstetrics and Gynecology 2005-2011 

İstanbul University İstanbul Medical Faculty Gynecological Oncology 2011- 2015 Experience 

İstanbul Suleymaniye Training Hospital 2015-2016 

İstanbul University İstanbul Medical Faculty 2017-2021 

Liv Hospital Vadistanbul 2021 - 

Memberships 

Turkish Gynecology and Obstetric Association 

TJOD İstanbul 

Turkish Gynecology Oncology Association

Minimal Invasive Gynecological Oncological Association

Minimal Invasive Gynecological Association 

ESGO European Society of Gynecological Oncology 

MEMAGO Middle East and Mediterranean Association of Gynecologic Oncologist

Specializations

Nose Aesthetics Aesthetics

Facial Applications in Surgery

Breast Aesthetics

Body Shaping Aesthetics

liposuction

Botox-Filling-Mesotherapy Procedures

EDUCATION:

2009

Ankara Etlik Maternity Hospital and Gynecology Education and Research Hospital, Gynecology and Obstetrics

2003

Ankara University, Faculty of Medicine

EXPERIENCE:

2019 - to present

Medipol University Pendik Hospital

2009 - 2019

Yakacık Maternity and Child Diseases Hospital

PUBLICATIONS:

Articles Published in Journals Indexed in SCI, SSCI and AHCI

Isoflavones obtained from red clover improve both dyslipidemia and menopausal symptoms in menopausal women: a prospective randomized placebo-controlled trial

YİĞİT E., ÜNSAL S.

Climacteric , 2024 (SCI-Expanded)

He was born in 1985 in Antalya. He completed his primary and secondary education in Antalya. Between 2003 and 2009, he studied at the Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty of Istanbul University. In 2009, he started his residency in Obstetrics and Gynecology at the Istanbul Suleymaniye Obstetrics and Pediatrics Education and Research Hospital. During his residency, he worked in obstetrics, Gynecology, Oncology, Endoscopic Surgery, Perinatology (high-risk pregnancy), Infertility and Menopause units.

In 2011, he spent two months in India studying actively on laparoscopy at World Laparoscopy Hospital. In 2014, he received the title of Obstetrician and Gynecologist. In the same year, he came 2nd in Turkey in the examination for Minor Specialty in Medicine and started his minor residency in Gynecological Oncology Surgery at Istanbul University Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology.

In 2017, he worked for three months at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center in New York, United States. In 2018, he became a minor specialist in Gynecological Oncology Surgery. In the same year, the European Society of Gynecological Oncology awarded him the personally accredited European Gynecologist Oncologist certificate (3rd person in Turkey). For about 1.5 years, he served at Gazi Yaşargil Training and Research Hospital under the Obligation of Civil Service. In 2019, he participated in active surgery and cadaver work together with Michael Höckel, one of the pioneers of Gynecological Oncology at the University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany. That same year, he was a “visiting fellow” at the Catholic University of the Sacred Heart in Rome, Italy.

He was awarded the title of Associate Professor in August 2019. He participated in numerous national and international congresses, symposiums and workshops and served as guest speaker. His surgery videos have been selected as training videos by the European Society of Gynecological Oncology and are published on their site for doctors.

He has 56 international and 10 national publications. He was the editor of the Turkish translation of the book, which is considered the main international source in Gynecological Oncology. He is the author of 7 chapters of international and national books. He has over 100 works in Turkey and abroad as oral presentations, poster presentations and panel presentations. He is refereeing for internationally respected journals. He has a good command of English. He follows up and implements all developments in his field.

Dr. Aydın ORHANER 

1984 Ankara 

2009 Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine 

2016 specialisation education Ege University Faculty of Medicine ,Obstetrics and Gynecology Department 

2020 Uludağ University Faculty of Medicine, Obstetrics and gynecology department In Vitro Fertilisation Physician certification education  
 

2020 Soranus IVF Center 

Dr. Davut Demir, a General Surgery specialist, is skilled in laparoscopic surgery, oncological surgery, trauma surgery, and morbid obesity surgery. He graduated from Istanbul University Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine and currently practices at Lokman Hekim Van Hospital. Dr. Demir has previously worked at Ağrı Patnos State Hospital and Istanbul Hospital, gaining extensive experience across various surgical disciplines. His expertise allows him to offer advanced and comprehensive surgical care, with a strong focus on minimally invasive techniques and complex procedures for optimal patient outcomes.