أفضل شفط دهون اعلى الذراعين جراحي التجميل في تركيا - توب -127 أطباء
Education:
Ankara University Faculty of Medicine (2009-2015)
Ankara Bilkent City Hospital Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery (Speciality 2016-2022)
Foreign Language: English
Professional Experiences:
Aktif International Bahcelievler (2024 – Ongoing)
Tekirdag City Hospital (2022-2024)
Ankara Bilkent City Hospital (2019-2022)
Ankara Numune Training and Research Hospital (2016-2019)
Medical Interests:
Breast Aesthetics
Tummy Tuck
Liposuction/ Fat grafting applications
Educations
Adana AnadoluCollege ( 1978-1985)
Medical School : UludagUniversityMedicalSchoolBursa (1985-1991)
Plastic Surgery Education: UludagUniversityMedical School Bursa (1994-2000)
Academic and Porfessional Appointments and societies :
Turkish Board Certified Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgeon
Chief, Division of Plastic &Reconstructive Surgery Dicle University School of Medicine, Assistant Professor(2008)
Founding President of Facial Aesthetic Surgery and Rhinoplasty Society (EYBCD) 2009
TPRCD Turkısh Society of Plastic Reconstructive an Aesthetic Surgery (member of board of directory 2008)
EPCD Turkish Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery (reserve member of board of directory 2009)
Director and surgeon general of Acibadem Konur Medical Center ( 2009-2012)
ESPRAS European Society of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery (member)
ISAPS The International Society of Plastic Surgery Society member
ASAPS The American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery member
European Comittee For Standardisation Mirror Committee member
Experiences in Surgery: ( over 9000 surgery between 2000-2019)
Aesthetic Surgery
PlasticandReconstructiveSurgery
Hand and Microsurgery
Maxillofacial Surgery
Publications, posters and presentations
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris Dislocation Due To Sixth Compartment Rupture
Ömer Buhşem, Ahmet Karacalar, MesutÖzcan
Journal of Turkish Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Cilt 7, Sayı 3 (1999)
Nasal Dermoid Sinus Cyst
Ömer Buhşem, Ahmet Karacalar
Journal of Turkish Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Cilt 8, Sayı 2 (2000)
Retrospective Evaluation of Cleft Lip and Palate Patients Underwent Surgery In DUTF between Oct. 1987- Nov. 1999
Ömer Buhşem, Kemal Erbaş,İbrahim Aşkar
22. Turkısh Society of Plastic Reconstructive an Aesthetic Surgery Congress (2000)
Lineer Verrucosis epidermal nevus including Cornu Cutanu : casereport
İ.Aşkar, S.Aktürk, Ömer Buhşem ,H. Büyükbayram K. Erbaş,
22.Turkish Society of Plastic Reconstructive an Aesthetic Surgery Congress (2000)
Evaluation of the effects of 5-Fluorouracil application following Ratsciatic nerve repair on epineural
and extraneural scarring and nerveregeneration.
Ömer Buhşem, Yeşim Özgenel, Mesut Özcan
23. Turkish Society of Plastic Reconstructive an Aesthetic Surgery Congress (27-30 sept. 2001)
Minimal Invasive Procedures in Rhinoplasty (no osteotomy rhinoplasty)
TPRECD Rhinoplasty Winter Symposium (2007)Bursa
Laser hair removal procedures
European Academy of Cosmetic Surgery International Workshop Symposium İstanbul 2007
Tripollar Radiofrequency
European Academy of Cosmetic Surgery International Workshop Symposium İstanbul 2007
Focused Ultrasonic Fat Emulsification
European Academy of Cosmetic Surgery International Workshop Symposium İstanbul 2007
“ Latest development tendencies concerning face and body RF therapy”
7. International Congress on Aesthetic Medicine 2008 Moscow
No osteotomy rhinoplasty
Turkish – Azerbajian Plastic Surgery Days (2008) Bakü-Azerbajian
Tripollar RF treatments for circumference reduction and non-surgical face lift
European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology 5th EADVSpring Symposium (2008) İstanbul
Mini Rhinoplasty (no osteotomy rhinoplasty)
XXI.SOFCEPSociétéFrançaise desChirurgiensEsthétiquesPlasticiens,Euro-MéditerranéenCongrés(2008 ) France - Paris
Tripollar RF technology for nonsurgical skin tightening and cellulite treatment
VI.İnternational Plastic Surgery Course I. International Anti-Aging Symposium (2008) Ekaterinburg- Russia
New Medlite technology Photo-Acoustic Pulse therapy
Aesthetic Plastic Surgery Society 12th National Congress Minimal Invasive Surgery Course (2008) İstanbul
A new vaginal stent material:Alginate
22. Turkish Society of Plastic Reconstructive an Aesthetic Surgery Congress (2008)Antalya
No osteotomy rhinoplasty : Algoritm
22. Turkish Society of Plastic Reconstructive an Aesthetic Surgery Congress (2008)Antalya
Axillar Brachial Plexus Blockage by Plasticsurgeons
23. Turkish Society of Plastic Reconstructive an Aesthetic Surgery Congress (2008)Antalya
TriPollar RF Non-Surgical Face Lift & Skin Tightening - Long Term Results
White paper 2008
My approach to aesthetic rhinoplasty
Facial Aesthetic Surgery and Rhinoplasty Society Rhinoplasty days (2009) Istanbul
No Osteotomy Rhinoplasty
Facial Aesthetic Surgery and Rhinoplasty Society Rhinoplasty days (2009) Istanbul
Laser Treatments in facialrejuvenations
TPRECD Winter symposium ( 2010) Bolu Kartalkaya
Non irritatingAHA treatments inDermatology
TPRECD Winter symposium ( 2010) Bolu Kartalkaya
Non invasive weight loss with low level diode laser
Turkish Society of Plastic Reconstructive an Aesthetic Surgery Winter symposium (2011) Uludag
Mini rhinoplasty (rhinoplasty without osteotomy)
Aesthetic Plastic Surgery Society National Congress (2012) Istanbul
Mini Rhinoplasty (no osteotomy rhinoplasty)
5th EASAPS The European Association of Societies of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery Meeting (2012) Istanbul
Minimal invasive rhinoplasty (mini rhinoplasty)
TPRECD V. Rhinoplasty course (2012) Ankara
Mini Rhinoplasty (no osteotomy rhinoplasty)
Seoul Rhinoplasty Forum ( 2012) Seoul South Korea
No osteotomy rhinoplasty ( desicion of osteotomy)
TPRECD II Istanbul International Rhinoplasty Course (2013) Istanbul
Columelar surgery and softrhinoplasty
TPRECD VII. Rhinoplasty course (2014) Izmir
Increasing Topical Anesthetic Efficacy with MicroneedleApplication
Ömer Buhsem, Alper Aksoy, Yavuz Kececi, Emin Sir & Melike Güngör (2016)
Journal of Cosmetic and Laser Therapy, DOI: 10.3109/14764172.2016.1157362
Skin Resurfacing
Grabb and Smith Plastik Cerrahi 7. Baskı Kısım 5, 41 Türkçe çeviri (2016)
Organic Dermal implant revolution: new molecule introduction
Kuwait Derma Update and Laser Symposium VIII, Kuwait (2017)
Natural injectable implant : agarose gel
The 12.th International Conference of Aesthetic and Antiaging Medicine Warsaw Poland (2017)
Facial Applications with Radiofrequency Energy, Review
Journal Türkiye Klinikleri Plastik Cerrahi Cilt:7, Sayı:1 (2018)
Nonsurgical Rhinoplasty with Agarose gel
International Medical Aesthetic Conference Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (2018)
Agarose gel : a natural injectable implant and volumizer
Dubai Derma World Dermatology and Laser Conference Dubai (2018)
Dermal fillers (DAS)
TPRECD 40. Ulusal Kurultayı Antalya (2018)
Botilinum toksin ve dolgu uygulamaları
Plastik Cerrahi Asistan Okulu, Antalya (2019)
Filler Complications and Management
23. Ulusal Estetik Plastik Cerrahi Kongresi İstanbul (2019)
Midface and zygoma volumizing with agarose gel
SIES International Aesthetic Medicine and Surgery Congress Bologna Italy (2019)
اقرأ المزيدالاعتمادات:
أحد أفضل جراحي التجميل في العالم ، مؤلف 8 طرق مبتكرة للجراحة التجميلية.
تم تصنيفه من بين أفضل 50 جراح تجميل في العالم.
حصل على جائزة المبضع الذهبي عام 2014 - والتي يمكن مقارنتها مع أوسكار في الجراحة التجميلية.
After achieving a high degree in the national exam, Dr Hakan Tekin started his medical education at Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty / English Department. Dr Tekin worked in the E&A Department and ICU of State Hospital in Van after graduation for two years. He started to work in Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery Department at Van Yuzuncu Yil University. He was trained in many types of surgical procedures, including; microsurgery, maxillofacial surgery, congenital deformities, hand surgeries and aesthetic procedures.
He worked in Van Training and Research Hospital as head of the Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery Department. In 2016 he started to work at Memorial Private Hospital in Diyarbakır. In 2018 Dr Tekin worked at Zurich University/Swiss as a fellow. By the end of 2018, he founded his private clinic in Diyarbakır. He performed thousands of aesthetic surgical procedures since then.
Dr Tekin moved to London in 2022 and has continued to perform his procedures in İstanbul. Dr Tekin has published numerous scientific articles in international and national plastic surgery journals. He presented many scientific presentations at international and national congresses and conferences.
Dr Tekin attended dozens of international courses led by world-known mentors, improved his deep knowledge, and got certified. He is a member of ISAPS, TPRECD and TTB.
اقرأ المزيد
الاعتمادات:
Name and Surname: Ismail BARUT
Date of Birth: January 01, 1984
English German, English Foreign Language: German
Educational Status:
Degree Department/Program School/University Year
Elementary School Üçgüllük Elementary School 1990-1996
Elementary Secondary School Iskenderun Five July Secondary School 1996-1998
Secondary Education High School Iskenderun Foreign Language is Mainly
High School
1998-2002
Undergraduate Faculty of Medicine Ege University Faculty of Medicine / Izmir 12/09/2002-
29/06/2008
PhD General Surgery Istanbul University Cerrahpaşa Medicine
Faculty of Economics/Istanbul
19/01/2009-
20/03/2009
PhD in Plastic, Reconstructive and
Aesthetic Surgery
Gazi University Medicine
Faculty/Ankara
12/11/2009-
28/05/2016
Side Branch
Education
Hand Surgery Istanbul Hamidiye Etfal Education and
Research Hospital/Istanbul
18/06/2020-
13/09/2021
Special
Office
Plastic,Reconstructive and
Aesthetic Surgery
Nişantaşı/Şişli/Istanbul 01.06.2022-
Continue
it does
TASKS:
Title of the Task Place of the Task Year
General Practitioner Akkuş Kızılelma Medical Center /Ordu January 23, 09, 2008-
15/01/2009
Research Assistant Istanbul University Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine General
Department of Surgery
19/01/2009-
20/03/2009
Research Assistant Gazi University Faculty of Medicine Plastic, Reconstructive and
Department of Aesthetic Surgery
12/11/2009-
28/05/2016
Specialist Physician Ministry of Health University Van Education and Research
The Hospital
13/06/2016-
30/09/2017
Specialist Physician Burdur State Hospital 01/08/2018-
29/03/2019
Specialist Physician Ministry of Health University Van Education and Research
The Hospital
11/04/2019-
15/06/2020
Department Assistant Istanbul Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital 18/06/2020-
13/09/2021
Private Practice Plastic,Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery 01.06.2022-
Continues
works:
A. Papers Presented at National Scientific Meetings and Published in the Proceedings Books
A1. Sezgin B., Şencan A., Private B., Gunpowder I., Shibar S., Sarybaeva A., Ozmen S.
Neoderm in full-fold scalp defect accompanied by cranial bone defects
usage: A kenservative approach in a complicated Adams-Oliver syndrome. 33. National Turkish
Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery Congress, Izmir, Turkey, September 14-18, 2011
A2. Sezgin B., Fındıkçıoğlu K.,Shibar Sh., Gunpowder I., Ayhan S., Latifoglu O .
Breast reduction in our clinic: A retrospective cross-sectional view. 33. National Turkish Plastics
Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery Congress, Izmir, Turkey, September 14-18, 2011
A3. South K., Bulam H., Hürkal D., Gunpowder I., Shibar S., Tuncer S.
Case Report: Purpura Fulminans. 34. National Turkish Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery
Kurultai,Rixos Sungate Hotel, Antalya,Turkey
B. Articles Published in International Refereed Journals:
B1. Technical Aspects and Difficulties in the Management of Head and Neck Cutaneous
Malignancies in Xeroderma Pigmentosum.Sibar S, Findikcioglu K, Erdal AI, Barut I, Ozmen S.Arch
Plastic Surgery . 2016 Jul;43(4):344-51. doi: 10.5999/aps.2016.43.4.344. Epub 2016 Jul 20.
B2. A new option for the reconstruction of orbital floor defects with heterologous cortical
bone.Ozel B, Findikcioglu K, Sezgin B, Guney K, Barut I, Ozmen S.J Craniomaxillofacial Surgery. 2015
Oct;43(8):1583-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jcms.2015.06.029. Epub 2015 Jul 4
B3. A recipient vessel modification in vaginal reconstruction with free jejunal flap.Ozmen S,
Sencan A, Sezgin B, Barut I, Yuksel O.Microsurgery. 2013 Sep;33(6):503-4. doi:
10.1002/micr.22121. Epub 2013 Jul 9.
C. National Courses and Congresses Attended by:
C1. V. Rhinoplasty Course Ankara / Turkey, May 10-12, 2012
C2. TRECD 34. October November 31st-November 4th, 2012 National Congress Antalya / Turkey
C3. XII. Experimental Animal Practice and Ethics Course Ankara / Turkey10-20 December 2012
C4. Prof. Dr. Ridvan EGE Basic Hand Surgery Course 8 Ankara / Turkey 27-28 September 2013
C5. 18. Basic Microsurgery Course Istanbul / Turkey November 19-23, 2013
C6. Turkish Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery Association 36. National Congress Istanbul / Turkey 29
October November 1, 2014
C7. Turkish Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery Association 37. National Congress Ankara / Turkey 4-7
November 2015
C8. Turkish Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery Association 37. National Congress of Post-Bariatric
Surgical Course Ankara / Turkey 4-7
November 2015
C9.Basic training of communication skills in medicine. February 24-25, 2016.Gazi university/Ankara
C10. Turkish Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery Association Aesthetic Breast Surgery Course.12-14
July 2019.Van/Turkey
D. International Courses and Congresses Attended by Dec
D1. EPSRC 5th European Plastic Surgery Research Council Hamburg / Germany 22-25August 2013
E. CERTIFICATE OF APPRECIATION
E1. Performed at Gazi University Faculty of Medicine Hospital on March 17, 2012
I was in the third ‘ Face Transplant Operation’ of our country.
PLASTIC, RECONSTRUCTIVE AND AESTHETIC SURGERY
EDUCATION
Undergraduate .
Faculty of MedicineEge University Faculty of Medicine/Izmir
2002-2008
Ph.D.
General Surgery Istanbul University Cerrahpasa Medicine Faculty Istanbul 2008
PhD Plastic,
Reconstructive and Plastic surgery Gazi University Medicine Faculty/Ankara 2009-2016
Minor Brancheducation
Hand Surgery Istanbul Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital/Istanbul
07/2020- continue doing
WORK EXPERIENCE
General Practitioner Akku K1z1lelma HealthCenter/Ordu 2008-2009
Research Assistant Istanbul University Cerrahpa a Faculty of Medicine, Department of General Surgery 2009
Research Assistant Gazi University Facultyof Medicine Del)artment of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery 2009-2016
Specialist Physician Ministryof Health University Van Training and Research Hospital 2016-2017 A
Specialist Burdur State Hospital2018-2019
Specialist Physician Ministryof Health University Van Training and Research Hospital 2019-2020
Minor Assistant Istanbul Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research HOSP.ital 2020-
continues
with Dream international
- Expertise and Experience: The best plastic surgeon in Turkey are highly skilled and experienced, with a wealth of knowledge and expertise in his field. he has trained extensively in the latest techniques and technologies, ensuring he can provide the most effective and safe treatments to his patients.
- Board-Certification: Many of the best plastic surgeons in Turkey are board-certified, meaning they have undergone rigorous training and testing to demonstrate their expertise in his field. This provides peace of mind for patients, knowing they are in the hands of a qualified and competent surgeon.
- Patient-Centered Care: The best plastic surgeon in Turkey prioritize his patients' needs and concerns, providing personalized care to ensure each individual achieves their desired outcome. They listen carefully to their patients and take the time to explain procedures, risks, and benefits, ensuring patients are fully informed and comfortable throughout the process.
- Natural-Looking Results: Top-rated plastic surgeon in Turkey are renowned for creating natural-looking results that enhance his patients' features rather than altering them drastically. he takes great care to ensure the outcome is in harmony with the patient's overall appearance, ensuring they feel confident and satisfied with the result.
- Advanced Technology and Techniques: Many of the best plastic surgeons in Turkey use advanced technology and techniques to provide the most effective and safe treatments. This includes minimally invasive procedures, 3D imaging, and state-of-the-art surgical equipment, ensuring patients receive the highest quality care.
- Cost-Effective: Cosmetic procedures in Turkey are often more affordable than in other countries, without compromising on quality. Choosing a top-rated plastic surgeon in Turkey can provide significant cost savings, making it an attractive option for those seeking cosmetic treatments.
- Tourist-Friendly: Turkey is a popular tourist destination, known for its stunning landscapes, rich culture, and welcoming people. Many of the best plastic surgeons in Turkey cater to international patients, providing a welcoming and accommodating environment for those traveling from abroad.
In conclusion, choosing the best plastic surgeon in Turkey can provide numerous benefits for those seeking cosmetic procedures. With their expertise, patient-centered care, and commitment to natural-looking results, top-rated plastic surgeons in Turkey are a popular and attractive choice for those seeking to enhance their appearance.
اقرأ المزيد
EDUCATION Undergraduate Faculty of Medicine Ege University Faculty of Medicine/İzmir 1982-1989 Ph.D. General Surgery Istanbul University Cerrahpasa Medicine Faculty/Istanbul 1989-1989 PhD Plastic, Reconstructive and Plastic surgery Gazi University Medicine Faculty/Ankara 1989-1996 Minor Branch education Hand Surgery Istanbul Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital/Istanbul 2000-2001
اقرأ المزيدV- PUBLICATIONS 1. A Uslu, MA Korkmaz, A Surucu, A Karaveli, C Sahin, MG Ataman, Breast Reduction Using the Superomedial Pedicle-and Septal Perforator-Based Technique: Our Clinical Experience, Aesthetic plastic surgery 43 (1), 27-35 2. A Uslu, A Driver, MA Korkmaz, F Uygur, Acquired Localized Hypertrichosis Following Pressure Garment and/or Silicone Therapy in Burn Patients, Annals of plastic surgery 82 (2), 158-161 3. A Uslu, A Surucu, MA Korkmaz, U Muslu, C Sahin, Medial elbow reconstruction with perforator based medial arm propeller flap, Hand and Microsurgery 7 (1), 5862 LAST EXPERIENCE: His most recent experience is Plastic Surgeon Specialist at "BEST CLINIC ISTANBUL"
اقرأ المزيدEstetik Cerrahi: Deneyimli cerrahlarımızla, güncel teknikleri kullanarak estetik cerrahi hizmetleri sunuyoruz. Her bireyin ihtiyacına özel çözümler üreterek, doğal ve estetik sonuçlar elde etmeyi amaçlıyoruz.
Saç, Sakal ve Kaş Ekimi: Saç dökülmesi, seyrek sakal ya da kaş problemleriyle mücadele edenlere özel çözümler sunuyoruz. Uzman ekibimiz, kişinin yüz hatlarına uygun doğal sonuçlar elde etmeyi hedefler.
Dolgu Uygulamaları: Yüz gençleştirme ve kontürleme amacıyla kullanılan dolgu uygulamalarını, uzman estetik cerrahlarımız ile güvenli bir şekilde gerçekleştiriyoruz. Doğallığı ön planda tutan yaklaşımımızla, müşterilerimize istedikleri görünüme kavuşmalarında yardımcı oluyoruz.
اقرأ المزيدDr. Selin Güler embarked on her medical journey at Eskişehir Osmangazi University Medical School. After completing her primary medical education there, she opted for one of the top 3 medical schools, Dokuz Eylül University Medical School, for her Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery higher medical education.
Dr. Selin Güler initiated her professional career at Boyabat State Hospital and later transitioned to Dokuz Eylül University. In 2022, she assumed the role of the main plastic surgeon at Private Medifema Hospital. And became one of the most sought after doctors in Turkey in her field in a very short time.
اقرأ المزيدProfessional Experience:
Faculty of Medicine:
Istanbul University Faculty of Medicine (2017)
Specialization:
Marmara University, Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery (2018-2022)
Surgical Trainings:
Active Physician/Plastic Surgeon in Marmara University Hospital / over 5 years of experience
and has performed over 600 surgeries and involved in more than 200 surgeries.
Education:
Istanbul University Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine (2016)
Ege University Faculty of Medicine Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery (Specialization, 2022)
Foreign Language: English
Professional Memberships:
Certifications:
European Board Certified Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgeon (FEBOPRAS)
European Certificate of Competence in Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery
Turkish Society of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery Qualification Certificate
Reconstructive Microsurgery Society 35th Basic Microsurgery Course Certificate
Reconstructive Microsurgery Association 46th Basic Microsurgery Course Instructor
اقرأ المزيدEmine Handan Simsek TURAN M.D. was born in 1989, Antalya / Turkey. She graduated from Antalya Anatolian High School in 2007. She studied at Akdeniz University School of Medicine between 2007-2013. In 2011 , she studied at RWTH Aachen University in Germany for one year with an exchange programme. She started her residency in Ear, Nose , Throat & Head and Neck Surgery at Antalya Research and Training Hospital in 2014. After two years she changed her residency department and started to Plastic , Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery department at the same hospital in 2016 . She worked as an observer in Lavender Clinic in Vietnam to gain more experience on eyelid surgery and nose surgery.
After completing her residency , she worked for 2 years in Antalya Research and Training Hospital for mandatory government work. She currently examines her patients in her own clinic located in the center of Antalya. Her surgical interests include; rhinoplasty, blepharoplasty, breast surgeries, abdominoplasty and facial reshaping surgeries.
اقرأ المزيدDr. Emre Uregen, born in Ankara, Turkey in 1978, is a distinguished aesthetic, plastic, and reconstructive surgeon. He graduated from Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine in 2002 and completed his residency at Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt Training and Research Hospital, where he performed over 2,000 surgeries.
In addition to his extensive expertise in plastic and reconstructive surgery, Dr. Uregen has made significant contributions to the field of hair loss treatment and transplantation. With a successful track record of over 5,000 hair transplantation procedures, he is highly regarded for his meticulous approach to the canal-opening process and his precise determination of the angle and direction of transplanted hair. Dr. Uregen emphasizes that these factors are crucial in achieving both the overall success and the natural appearance of hair transplant surgeries.
Dr. Emre Uregen’s dedication to excellence is evident in his comprehensive approach to both plastic surgery and hair restoration. His commitment to achieving optimal results for his patients reflects his passion for innovation and his desire to stay at the forefront of his field.
اقرأ المزيد