أفضل عملية شد الوجه المصغرة جراحي التجميل في تركيا - توب -95 أطباء
MUHAMMET MUSTAFA AYDINOL
Yeşilçimen Sokak No:12 Polat Tower Residence K:2 D:20 Fulya/Şişli/İstanbul • 05542302530 •
Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgeon Work Experience
2020 Jun Plastic Surgeon - Specialist
Mustafa Aydinol Clinic
2019 Dec - 2020 Jun Plastic Surgeon - Specialist
Nişantaşı Hospital
2019 Jun - 2019 Dec Plastic Surgeon - Specialist
Amerikan Estetik Surgical Medical Center
2017 Nov - 2019 Jun Plastic Surgeon - Specialist
Erzincan Mengücek Gazi Education and Research Hospital
2012 Jan - 2017 Nov Plastic Surgery Resident
Dicle University School of Medicine Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery
2010 Dec - 2012 Jan Health Professions and Private Diagnostic&Treatment Centers Directorate Doctor Diyarbakır Provincial Directorate of Health
Education
2012 - 2017 Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery Specialist Diploma
Dicle University - Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery Clinic
2004 - 2010 Medical Doctor Degree
Cumhuriyet University School of Medicine
2001 - 2004 High School Diploma Cumhuriyet Science High School
1997 - 2001 Middle School Diploma Tarsus American College
Skills
English Spanish
TOEFL: 103 IELTS:8.5 B1
Memberships
Turkish Society of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgeons
TurkishSociety of Aesthetic Plastic Surgeons
International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery
Rhinoplasty Society Of Europe
Publications
“Multiple disseminated pyogenic granuloma after second degree scald burn: a rare two case”, Durgun M, Selçuk CT, Ozalp B, Aydinol M, Alabalik U, Int J Burns Trauma. 2013 Apr 18;3(2):125-9.
“Toe Amputation After Minor Surgery in a Patient with Behçet’s Disease: A Case Report”, Özalp B, Akcay C, Aydinol M, Selçuk CT,J Foot Ankle Surg. 2016 May-Jun;55(3):638-41.
“Perforator-based propeller flaps for leg reconstruction in pediatric patients”, Özalp B, Aydınol M, J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg.2016 Oct;69(10):e205-11.
“Breast Augmentation Combining Fat Injection and Breast Implants in Patients With Atrophied Breasts”, Özalp B, Aydinol M., Ann Plast Surg. 2017 Jun;78(6):623-628.
“Is the transposition of the nipple-areolar complex necessary in Simon grade 2b gynecomastia operations using suction- assistedliposuction?”, Özalp B, Berköz Ö, Aydınol M., J Plast Surg Hand Surg. 2018 Feb;52(1):7-13.
Posters & Presentations
POSTERS
“Opinions of Last Year Medical School Students on Plastic Surgery and Medical School Education: A Survey Study”, M. Aydinol,
B. Özalp, 38th Turkish Society of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgeons National Meeting.
“A Novel Technique For Nipple Reconstruction; Intradermal Nevus Graft”, B. Özalp, A. Calavul, E. Çelikkaleli, M. Aydınol, 38th Turkish Society of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgeons National Meeting.
“Co-existence of Multiple Malign Melanoma and Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans In Lower Extremity”, S. Erbatur, M. Aydınol.
“Soft Tissue Defect Due To Brucella Infection In Sternum and Clavicle Area”, C.T.Selçuk, B. Özalp, M. Durgun, A. Calavul, M. Aydınol
Presentations
“Perforator-based propeller flaps for leg reconstruction in pediatric patients”, B. Özalp, M. Aydınol.
Meetings & Courses
2012 34th Turkish Society of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgeons National Meeting Antalya/Turkey 2013Microsurgery course Zurich/Switzerland
2014 Royal College of Surgeons Upper Limb and Hand Cadaver Dissection Course London/UK 2014 Royal College of Surgeons Breast and Torso Cadaver Dissection Course London/UK 2015 Plastic Surgery The Meeting Boston/ABD
2016 Nazim Cerkes Open Rhinoplasty Course Istanbul/Turkey
2016 38th Turkish Society of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgeons National Meeting Antalya/Turkey 2017 Nazim Cerkes Open Rhinoplasty Course Istanbul/Turkey
2017 RSE (Rhinoplasty Society of Europe) Live Surgery Course Istanbul/Turkey
2018EPCD National Meeting Istanbul/Turkey
2018 6th Bergamo Open Rhinoplasty Course Bergamo/Italy
2018 Teoman Dogan 4th Push Down Rhinoplasty Surgery Course Istanbul/Turkey
2019 EPCDNational Meeting Istanbul/Turkey
2019 Serdar Eren Facelift Workshop
2019 TPRCD XII. Rhinoplasty and V. Facial Aesthetics Course
2019 ISAPS Course & 11th International Eurasian Aesthetic Plastic Surgery Meeting
2019 Aestheticstanbul Aesthetic Surgery Congress
2019 Eurasian Non-Surgical Days
2019 LG Yvoire Advanced Cadaver Training Course 2019 Istanbul Live Surgery Rhinoplasty Course 2020 IMCAS WorldCongress
2021 ISAPS World Congress 2021 Bella EyesCourse
2021 Hands-On Human Cadaver Course 2022 ISAPS World Congress
2022 TSAPS Breast Surgery School 2023 MentorBreast Symposium
2023 3rd Joint International Meeting of Rhinoplasty Societies 2023 ISAPS Olympiad Athens World Congress
2023 BLS and ACLS Course
2024 TSAPS 28th National Congress 2024Exosomes&Stem Cell Meeting
2024 Face to Face Istanbul Live Surgery International Congress 2024The New Frontiers of Facelifting
2024 Midface Lift&Cadaver Dissection Course
Hobies
Snowboard, Cycling, Crossfit, Running, Swimming, Kitesurfing, Photography, Travelling, Books, Guitar
Certificates
BLS and ACLS
اقرأ المزيدHe was born in Samsun in 1978. After graduating from Faculty of Medicine (Çapa Medicine) of the Istanbul University in 2003, he completed his 6-year residency training at Şişli, Etfal Training and Research Hospital Plastic Surgery Clinic and became a Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery Specialist.
In 2008, he received training from world-renowned surgeons at the University of Plastic Surgery Clinic in the New York, United States and participated the surgeries together with the doctors from New York.
He attended courses and congresses about topics such as Breast Aesthetics, Abdominal Aesthetics, Liposuction, Buttock Aesthetics, Rhinoplasty, Facial rejuvenation, Botox and Fillers.
Between 2010 and 2012, he worked at the Plastic Surgery Clinic of Ahi Evran University Kırşehir State Hospital. Kırşehir has carried out many surgeries and innovations that could not be done before in its history.
It constantly improves itself by participating in congresses and meetings at homecountry and abroad every year.
Op.Dr.Mehmet Köksal still works in a Private Clinic in Istanbul.
He is a member of Turkish Medical Association, Turkish Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery Association and Aesthetic Plastic Surgery Association.
اقرأ المزيدEmine Handan Simsek TURAN M.D. was born in 1989, Antalya / Turkey. She graduated from Antalya Anatolian High School in 2007. She studied at Akdeniz University School of Medicine between 2007-2013. In 2011 , she studied at RWTH Aachen University in Germany for one year with an exchange programme. She started her residency in Ear, Nose , Throat & Head and Neck Surgery at Antalya Research and Training Hospital in 2014. After two years she changed her residency department and started to Plastic , Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery department at the same hospital in 2016 . She worked as an observer in Lavender Clinic in Vietnam to gain more experience on eyelid surgery and nose surgery.
After completing her residency , she worked for 2 years in Antalya Research and Training Hospital for mandatory government work. She currently examines her patients in her own clinic located in the center of Antalya. Her surgical interests include; rhinoplasty, blepharoplasty, breast surgeries, abdominoplasty and facial reshaping surgeries.
اقرأ المزيدDr. Emre Uregen, born in Ankara, Turkey in 1978, is a distinguished aesthetic, plastic, and reconstructive surgeon. He graduated from Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine in 2002 and completed his residency at Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt Training and Research Hospital, where he performed over 2,000 surgeries.
In addition to his extensive expertise in plastic and reconstructive surgery, Dr. Uregen has made significant contributions to the field of hair loss treatment and transplantation. With a successful track record of over 5,000 hair transplantation procedures, he is highly regarded for his meticulous approach to the canal-opening process and his precise determination of the angle and direction of transplanted hair. Dr. Uregen emphasizes that these factors are crucial in achieving both the overall success and the natural appearance of hair transplant surgeries.
Dr. Emre Uregen’s dedication to excellence is evident in his comprehensive approach to both plastic surgery and hair restoration. His commitment to achieving optimal results for his patients reflects his passion for innovation and his desire to stay at the forefront of his field.
اقرأ المزيدEDUCATION
1996 – 2000 Junior High School and High School Education
Kabataş Erkek High School, Istanbul
2000 – 2006 Medical Education (graduated with the degree of one of three highest ranked student)
Kocaeli University Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli
2008 – 2013 Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery Education Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery Clinic, Ankara
THESIS of GRADUATION
December 2013 “Ex Vivo Biomechanical Evaluation of Flexor Tendon Repair Using Barbed Suture Material: A Comparative Study”
ACADEMIC APPOINTMENT
01/07/2005 – 31/07/2005 Internship
Humboldt University, Helios Klinikum Emil von Behring, Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Berlin
01/08/2005 – 30/09/2005 Internship
Humboldt University, Waldkrankenhaus, Berlin
09/ 2008 – 10/2013 Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery Residency
Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery Clinic, Ankara
01/04/2013 – 26/04/2013 Guest Doctor
Lacomed Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery Clinic, Berlin
01/2014 – 10/ 2014 Consultant Surgeon
Sinop Ataturk State Hospital, Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery Clinic, Sinop
03/01/2016 – 06/01/2016 Consultant Surgeon in ISAPS-LEAP Volunteer Mission for Syrian Refugees
Al Maqassed Charity Hospital, Amman (Jordan)
28/09/2016 – 08/10/2016 Consultant Surgeon in International Humanitarian Aid Program
Namangan Children’s Hospital, Plastic Surgery Clinic, Ferghana Valley
2014 – 2019 Consultant Specialist
Health Sciences University, Cemil Tascioglu Training and Research Hospital, Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery Clinic, Istanbul
09/ 2019 Title of Associate Professor in Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery
Chair of the Higher Education Board, Ankara
2020 – 2022 Head of Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery
Health Sciences University, Cemil Tascioglu Training and Research Hospital, Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery Clinic, Istanbul
2023- Attending
MEMBERSHIPS
2013 Turkish Society of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgeons (TPRECD)
2013 Reconstructive Microsurgery Association (RMCD)
2014 Association of Emergency Hand Surgery and Microsurgery (ACELEMDER)
HONOR AND/OR AWARDS
12/11/2015 – 14/11/2015 Second Prize,
Turkish Society of Surgery, VIII. Surgical Research Congress, IV. Contest of Invention, Konya
Project name: “Therapeutic apparatus for ingrown toenail”
14/04/2016 – 16/04/2016 Second Prize
AAEF Surgical Forum in Breast Symposium, Barcelona (Spain)
Presentation name: “V.A.C.™ Therapy To Manage Extensive, Large, Potentially Lethal Degloving Injuries”
SCIENTIFIC ACHIVEMENTS
- - Published more than 40 articles in international and national peer-reviewed journals
- - Presented more than 61 presentations in international and national scientific meetings
- - Wrote more than 2 book chapters nationally and internationally.
اقرأ المزيد
الاعتمادات:
Participation in Symposiums, Congresses and Academic Certificate Programs:
Aesthetic Plastic Surgery Association 11th National Congress and Facial Aesthetics Course,18-20 June 2007.
Planning in Orthognathic Surgery, 3 May 2007, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine. 26th National Congress of Turkish Society of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, 21-25 September 2004, ANKARA.
8th National Congress of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery Association,18-20 June 2004, ISTANBUL.
3rd International Congress of A.S.A.M.I., 27-29 May 2004, ISTANBUL.
Obstetric Brachial Plexus Injuries, Postgraduate Training Meeting, 13 March 2004, ISTANBUL.
Panel on Non-invasive Aesthetic Facial Interventions, 25 December 2003, ISTANBUL.
Maxillofacial Surgery and Distraction Course, 6-7 November 2003, ANKARA.
Yeditepe University Faculty of Dentistry, Current and Advanced Views Symposium on Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 18-20 October 2002, ISTANBUL.
ISAPS 2002 (International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery) XVI Congress, 26-29 May 2002, ISTANBUL.
GATA Medical School, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Maxillofacial Surgery Workshop and Course, 3-4 May 2002, ANKARA.
23rd National Congress of Turkish Society of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, 27-30 September 2001, ISTANBUL.
Turkish Symposium Contour Genesis Ultrasonic Assisted Lipoplasty, 23-24 November 2000, ISTANBUL.
Şişli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Clinic, Basic Microsurgery Certificate Program, 16-27 October 2000, ISTANBUL.
22nd National Congress of Turkish Society of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, 27-1 October 2000, IZMIR.
Academic Publications:
1- Auricular reconstruction with prefabricated postauricular fasciocutaneous flap: Case report
Vagıf KALENDER, Aret Çerçi ÖZKAN, Ufuk EMEKLI, Aylin BILGIN KARABULUT, Metin ERER, Atilla ARINCI, Ali MEZDEĞI. Medical Bulletin of Istanbul Medical Faculty.
2- Management of Donor Site of Prefabricated Temporalis Fascia Flap (Letter) Aylin Bilgin KARABULUT, Hülya AYDIN, Ali MEZDEĞI. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery.108(3):793-794, September 1, 2001.
3- Recurrent Bleeding Following Rhinoplasty due to Factor XIII Deficiency (Letter) Aylin Bilgin KARABULUT, Hülya AYDIN, Ali MEZDEĞI, Evin ADEMOĞLU. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 108(3):808, September 1, 2001.
4- Roberts Syndrome from the Plastic Surgeon’s Viewpoint (Letter) Aylin Bilgin KARABULUT, Hülya AYDIN, Metin ERER, Ali MEZDEĞI, Erdem GÜVEN Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 108(5):1443-1445, October 2001.
5- A fast and effective method of cartilage mincing: Turkish delight graft revisited (Letter) Ufuk EMEKLI, Ali MEZDEĞI, Burcu ÇELET ÖZDEN, Orhan ÇIZMECI. European Journal of Plastic Surgery(2003) 26:164.
6- The Effects of Hyperbaric Oxygen and Surgical Decompression in Experimental Compartment Syndrome. Figen AYDIN, Şamil AKTAŞ, Vakur OLGAÇ, Ali MEZDEĞİ, Sacit KARAMÜRSEL (single name in plastic surgery)Turkish Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery. 2003 Jul;9(3):176-182.
7- Zone II fleksör tendon yaralanmalarında tendon protezi ile fleksör tendoplasti uygulamalarımız (Flexor tendoplasty with a tendon prosthesis for zone II flexor tendon injuries). Atakan AYDIN, Murat TOPALAN, Ali MEZDEĞİ, İlker SEZER, Türker ÖZKAN, Metin ERER, Zeynep HOŞBAY. Acta Orthopedica et Traumatologica Turcica 2003:37(5):374-378.
8- Fleksör tendon yaralanmalarında tek seanslı fleksör tendoplasti (Single-stage flexor tendoplasty in the treatment of flexor tendon injuries). Atakan AYDIN, Murat TOPALAN, Ali MEZDEĞİ, İlker SEZER, Türker ÖZKAN, Metin ERER, Safiye ÖZKAN. Acta Orthopedica et Traumatologica Turcica 2004:38(1):54-59.
9- Dorsal teknik ile el bilek artrodezi uygulamalarımız (Wrist arthrodesis applications with dorsal technique). Atakan AYDIN, Murat TOPALAN, Türker ÖZKAN, Metin ERER, Ali MEZDEĞİ, Gülnur ÖZTÜRK. Accepted by the Turkish Journal of Plastic Surgery and pending for publication.
10- Effects of amifostine on healing of microvascular anastomoses, flap survival, and nerve regeneration with preoperative or postoperative irradiation. Atakan AYDIN, Burcu ÇELET ÖZDEN, Ali MEZDEĞİ, Sıdıka KURUL, Rasim MERAL, Seyhun SOLAKOGLU. Microsurgery. 2004;24(5):392.
Papers Presented:
1- Posterior İnterosseoz Sinir Paralizisinde Rekonstrüksiyon (Reconstruction in Posterior Interosseous Nerve Paralysis). Ayhan OKUMUŞ, Türker ÖZKAN, Atakan AYDIN, Ali MEZDEĞI, Metin ERER, Safiye ÖZKAN. 22nd National Congress of Turkish Society of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, 27-1 October 2000, İZMİR.
2- Venöz Staz Sonrası Oluşan İskemi-Reperfüzyon Hasarında A ve E Vitamini Kombinasyon Tedavisi (Combination Therapy of Vitamins A and E in Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury After Venous Stasis) İrfan AYDIN, Aylin BİLGİN, Evin ADEMOĞLU, Ali MEZDEĞİ, Serdar TUNCER, Orhan ÇİZMECİ, Metin ERER. 22nd National Congress of Turkish Society of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, 27-1 October 2000, İZMİR.
3- ‘Limitations in Mandibular Distraction; Istanbul Medical Faculty Experience’ Ali MEZDEĞI, Burcu ÇELET ÖZDEN, Atilla ARINCI, Ufuk EMEKLI. 3rd International Congress of A.S.A.M.I., 27-29 May 2004, İSTANBUL.
4- Endosteal Extra-Oral İmplant ile Kulak, Burun ve Soket Rekonstrüksiyonu (Ear, nose and socket reconstruction with endosteal extra-oral implants) Ali MEZDEĞI, Ismail ERMIŞ, Sinan NUR KESIM, Ebru TUNCER, Banu
KARAYAZGAN 26th National Congress of Turkish Society of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, 21-25 September, 2004, ANKARA.
5- Mandibuler Distraksiyon Osteogenezis:İstanbul Tıp Fakültesi Deneyimi (Mandibular Distraction Osteogenesis: The Experience of Istanbul Medical Faculty) Ali MEZDEĞI, Atilla ARINCI, Ismail ERMİŞ, Burcu ÇELET ÖZDEN, Sinan NUR KESIM 26th National Congress of Turkish Society of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, 21-25 September 2004, ANKARA.
Poster Presentations:
1- Hemifasyal Mikrozomi Olgularında Mandibulanın Distraksiyon Osteogenezis Yöntemi ile Uzatılmasındaki Tecrübelerimiz (Our experiences in lengthening of the mandible by distraction osteogenesis in cases of hemifacial microsomia). Orhan ÇIZMECI, Atilla ARINCI, Irfan AYDIN, Ali MEZDEĞI. 22nd National Congress of Turkish Society of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, 27-1 October 2000, IZMIR.
2- Bilateral Lateral Yüz Yarığı: Olgu Sunumu (Bilateral Lateral Facial Cleft: A Case Report). Aret ÇERÇİ ÖZKAN, Ufuk EMEKLI, Alp Aslan, Ali MEZDEĞI, Sinan NUR KESIM. 22nd National Congress of Turkish Society of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, 27-1 October 2000, IZMIR.
3- Ekspanse Edilmiş Prefabrike Supraklavikuler Deri Flebi ile Konjenital Dev Nevüs Rekonstrüksiyonu: Vaka Sunumu (Reconstruction of Congenital Giant Nevus with Prefabricated Induced Expanded Supraclavicular Skin Flap: A Case Report).
Erdem GÜVEN, Aret ÇERÇI ÖZKAN, Ufuk EMEKLI, Ismail ERMIŞ, Ali MEZDEĞI, Irfan AYDIN. 23rd National Congress of Turkish Society of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, 27-30 September 2001, ISTANBUL.
4- Deri Koruyucu Olmayan Mastektomide Doku Genişletici ile Genişletilmiş Göğüs Duvarı Derisinin Altına Dezepitelize Edilerek Yerleştirilen Pediküllü TRAM Flep ile Geç Meme Onarımı: Vaka Sunumu (Late Breast Repair with Disephitelized Pedicle TRAM Flap Placed under Chest Wall Skin Expanded with Tissue Expander in Non-Skin-Sparing Mastectomy: A Case Report) Aret ÇERÇI ÖZKAN, Orhan ÇIZMECI, Serdar EREN, Hülya AYDIN, Ali MEZDEĞI, Serdar TUNCER, Erdem GÜVEN, Funda AKÖZ. 23rd National Congress of Turkish Society of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, 27-30 September 2001, ISTANBUL.
5- Vaka Sunumu: Masseter Absesi Sonrası Gelişen Masseterik Fibrozis ve Buna Bağlı Gelişen Ekstraartiküler Ankiloz (Masseteric Fibrosis Developing After Masseter Abscess and Related Extra-Articular Ankylosis: A Case Report).
Ali MEZDEĞI, Erdem GÜVEN, Orhan ÇİZMECİ, Alp Aslan, Metin ERER. 23rd National Congress of Turkish Society of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, 27-30 September 2001, ISTANBUL.
6- Vaka Sunumu: İdiopatik Skrotal Kalsinozis (Idiopathic Scrotal Calcinosis: A Case Report) Ali MEZDEĞI. 23rd National Congress of Turkish Society of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, 27-30 September 2001, ISTANBUL.
7- Tırnak Yatağı Defektlerinin Steril Matriks Greftleri ile Rekonstrüksiyonu (Reconstruction of Nail Bed Defects with Sterile Matrix Grafts) Serdar TUNCER, Ali MEZDEĞI, Atakan AYDIN, Türker ÖZKAN, Metin ERER. 23rd National Congress of Turkish Society of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, 27-30 September 2001, ISTANBUL.
8- Mandibula Kondiler Bölge ve Koronoid Çıkıntıdan Kaynaklanan Osteokondromlar (Osteochondromas Originating From Mandibular Condylar Region and Coronoid Protrusion) Alp Aslan, Ufuk EMEKLI, İsmail ERMIŞ, Orhan ÇİZMECI, Defne
ÖNEL, Ali MEZDEĞI, Erdem GÜVEN. 23rd National Congress of Turkish Society of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, 27-30 September 2001, ISTANBUL.
Thesis:The clinical thesis titled “Mandibuler Distraksiyon Osteogenezis (Mandibular Distraction Osteogenesis)” was presented in June 2003 and was found satisfactory by the thesis jury.
اقرأ المزيد