surgeon. Dr. Serdar Karaman graduated from İnönü University Faculty of Medicine. Subsequently, he completed his specialist training in Orthopedics and Traumatology at İnönü University. His previous experiences include Elbistan State Hospital and İnönü University.
Areas of particular interest: Hand surgery, sports surgery, arthroplasty, cartilage injuries, pediatric orthopedics, foot and ankle surgery, arthroscopic surgeries, lengthening surgeries and pelvic fractures.
Scientific Publications
Articles Published in International Refereed Journals: 1. Which is more dangerous, earthquake, or the panic? Evaluation of the 24 January 2020 Elazig/Türkiye earthquake related musculoskeletal injuries. E Ergen, O Kaya, Ö Yılmaz, HU Özdeş, ÖC Batur, S Karaman, İ Güzel, .Ulus Travma Emergency Surgery Derg 28 (9), 1335-1339 2. The Clinical Results of Tendon Transfers in Patients with Ulnar Palsy. S Karaman, S Ekrem, K Ertem. Journal of Medical Case Reports and Reviews 5 (6), 1144- 1152 3. Clinical results of endoprosthetic reconstructions in metastatic and primary bone tumors. R Sevimli, S Karaman. Medicine Science 11 (1), 199-203 4. A Case of Glomus Tumor in an Unusual Localization of Hand. S Ekrem, S Karaman, K Ertem, H Köse. Clin Case Rep Int. 2020; 4 1198 5. Spontaneous extensor pollicis longus (EPL) tendon rupture after ironing. S Karaman, M Köroğlu, ZM Özdemir, K Ertem. Oral Presentations Presented at Annals of Clinical and Analytical Medicine 2020 National and International Congresses: 1. Medium and Long-Term Results of Patients to whom We Performed Microfracture for Knee Joint Cartilage Damage. Karaman S, Ergen E, Aslantürk O, Kılınç Ö. 30th National Turkish Orthopedics and Traumatology Congress, Antalya, Turkey, 9-14 November 2021. 2. Medium and Short-Term Results in Our Patients Treated with Reconstruction with Endoprosthesis After Resection for Malignant Bone Tumors. Sevimli R., Karaman S. Bone Joint 2021 Online Congress, Ankara, Turkey, 1 - 04 April 2021, p.82 3. Mid-Term Clinical Results of Surgical Treatment of Thumb Metacarpophalangeal Joint and Collateral Ligament Injuries. Karaman S., Ekrem S., Ertem K. 17th National Turkish Hand and Upper Extremity Surgery Congress, Turkey, 16 - 20 November 2020 4. Mid-Term Results of Surgical Treatment of Thumb Metacarpophalangeal Joint Collateral Ligament Injuries. Karaman S., Ekrem S., Ertem K., Aslantürk O. 17th National Turkish Hand and Upper Extremity Surgery Congress (ONLINE), Turkey, 16 - 20 November 2020 5. Evaluation of Mid-Term Functional Results of Our Patients Who Had Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair. Kilinç Ö., Ertem K., Ergen E., Karaman S. 17th National Turkish Hand and Upper Extremity Surgery Congress, Turkey, 16 - 20 November 2020 6. Retrospective Examination of Patients Treated Surgically Due to Carpal Bone Cyst. Karaman S., Ekrem S., Ertem K. 29th National Turkish Orthopedics and Traumatology Congress, Antalya, Turkey, 22 - 27 October 2019, vol.53, p.47 7. Streptococus Pneumonia in the Proximal Humerus in a Baby Presenting with Brachial Plexus Disorder Clinic Case Report of Osteomyelitis Due to Disease. Karaman S., Özdeş H. U., Gündüz E. 29th National Turkish Orthopedics and Traumatology Congress, Antalya, Turkey, 22 - 27 October 2019, vol.53, pp.152 8. Retrospective Examination of Mid-Term Results of Surgical Treatment of ThumbMmetacarpophalangeal JointCollateral Ligament Injuries. Karaman S., Ekrem S., Ertem K. 29th National Turkish Orthopedics and Traumatology Congress, Antalya, Turkey, 22 - 27 October 2019, vol.53, pp.139-140 9. Retrospective Examination of Patients Who Had Tendon Transfers Due to Ulnar Nerve Paralysis. Karaman S., Ekrem S., Ertem K. 29th National Turkish Orthopedics and Traumatology Congress, Antalya, Turkey, 22 - 27 October 2019, vol.53, p.139 10. Case Report of Radial Nerve Interference Between the Fracture Line in Supracondylar Humerus Fracture . Karaman S., Sağir A., Çoban İ., Sevimli R. 29th National Turkish Orthopedics and Traumatology Congress, Antalya, Turkey, 22 - 27 October 2019, vol.53, pp.147-148 11. Should We Have A Controlling Hip X-Ray In A Child Whom His Hip Ultrasonography Reported As Normal Previously? Ceylan M. F., Karaman S., Karakaplan M. 17th International Eastern Mediterranean Family Medicine Congress, Adana, Turkey 10 - 13 May 2018 12. Medico-Legal Examination Of Patients With Developmental Dysplasia Of Hip Treated Surgically Due To Late Diagnosis. Ceylan M. F., Karakaplan M., Karaman S. 17. 17th International Eastern Mediterranean Family Medicine Congress, Adana, Turkey, 10 - 13 May 2018 13. Does The Implemented "Developmental Dysplasia Early Screening Program" Reduced The Need For Surgical Treatment? Ceylan M. F., Karakaplan M., Karaman S., Kaya R. 17th international eastern mediterranean family medicine congress, Adana, Turkey, 10 - 13 May 2018 14. Shoulder Septic Arthritis Occurring In Newborn With Brachial Plexus Paralysis Clinic; Case Report Presentation. Yıldırım E, Karaman S. 16th National Congress of the Turkish Society for Surgery of the Hand and Upper Extremity and 5th National Congress of the Hand Therapist Society Abstract Supplement. May 6-9 2018, Pamukkale, Denizli, Turkey. Hand Microsurg 2018;7: Suppl1. P.47
اقرأ المزيدOver 60 articles published in International and National Peer Reviewed Scientific Journals
Over 50 papers-posters presented in International and National Meetings-Congresses
Articles published in international peer reviewed journals (SCI & SCI exp.):
Papers presented at international scientific meetings and published in the proceedings book:
Turkish Books Section
Aydin A. Glokomda Yeni ilaçlar ve Modern İlaç Uygulama Yöntemleri. In: Glokom, Temel Kavramlar ve Yenilikler. Ocakoğlu Ö, Bayer A, Elgin U Eds. Anadolu Tıp Kitabevi, Ankara 2021 1st ed. Bölüm 36 p:375-381. ISBN:978-605-80205-3-5.
Awards:
Total citations: 896 (as of May 2021)
he top 10 publications with the most citations
HOMO HOMINI MEDICUS. Eclectic surgeon, specialist in orthopedics and traumatology, pioneer of endoscopic surgery, radio-guided and minimally invasive robotics of the spine and small and large joints (knee, hip, foot, shoulder, elbow and wrist). He combines surgery with regenerative medicine, which he was the first to launch in Italy and Europe, with the use of FSV cells (Stromal Vascular Fraction, particularly rich in stem cells). Adolfo Panfili boasts a prestigious scientific and sporting curriculum of international importance, as well as being an expert in homeopathy, homotoxicology, phytotherapy, acupuncture and BEST chiropractic. Expressly commissioned by his teacher, Prof. Linus Pauling (multiple Nobel Prize winner), inventor of Orthomolecular medicine, he founded AIMO, (International Association of Orthomolecular Medicine), revisiting this science and merging it with other super-specialist branches, including regenerative medicine , aimed at restoring and repairing cartilage, bone and joint structures, vertebral discs, ligaments, tendons, etc.
Prof Adolfo Panfili, orthopedic surgeon with a very long CV of international standing. He is president of AIMO, the International Association of Orthomolecular Medicine of which he is the founder. He was a student of the double Nobel Prize winner Linus Pauling, inventor of Orthomolecular medicine. Prof Panfili has revisited and expanded this science by merging it with other sciences and techniques including the use of Stromal Vascular Fraction.
– He is Deputy Rector for International Relations as well as Dean of the Master's Faculty of Orthomolecular Sciences at the Popolare University of Milan;
– He is the first to have carried out minimally invasive robotic surgery in orthopedics in Italy with the Mazor system;
– He is Trainer and Proctor of Dtrax, a minimally invasive posterior cervical fusion and distraction system;
– He is the Director of various High Technology Minimally Invasive Spinal Surgery Centers accredited with the NHS and otherwise;
– He is the founder and director of the first Italian Center for Minimally Invasive Robotic Spine Surgery and one of the most eminent members of robotic surgery at the “International Academy for Robotic Spine Surgery”;
Prof. Panfili has been treating vertebrae, posture and nutrition in close synergy since the beginning of his thirty-year professional activity, both from a surgical and manipulative point of view, being among other things the first orthopedist in Europe to graduate in Best Chiropractic with Prof. Ted Morter, one of the best chiropractors in the world, of whom he was the best European student.
– He is currently a pioneer in the use and application of the Stromal Vascular Fraction in the field of well-being, anti-aging and longevity, with particular reference to orthopaedics, the spine and cervical, the aspect of cartilage damage for prevention of degenerative diseases of the hips, knees and intervertebral discs.
اقرأ المزيدتكلفة استشارة الطبيب | السعر عند الطلب |
العلاج بالخلايا الجذعية للركبتين | $8471.27 - $10165.53 |
Education
Experience
اقرأ المزيد
Balgrist University, Zurich
Bezmialem Vakif University
Istanbul Sisli Etfal Research and Training Hospital
Hospital for Special Surgery, USA
Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine
Istanbul Sisli Hamidiye Etfal Research and Training Hospital
Kilis State Hospital
Yedikule Surp Pırgiç Armenian Hospital
Istanbul Sisli Hamidiye Etfal Research and Training Hospital
Medipol Acıbadem Hospital
Medical Fields of Interest
Sports Injury Treatment and Rehabilitation,
Arthroscopic Surgery of Articular Cartilage and Ligament Injuries,
Treatment of Complex Bone Fractures
Stem Cell Applications
Education
Bachelor’s Degree-Marmara University Faculty of Medicine (English Medicine) 2000-2007
Residency-Uludağ University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology 2007-2012
Experiences
2007-2012 Uludağ University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology - Assistant Doctor
2013 - 2016 İstanbul Medeniyet University Göztepe Training and Research Hospital - Orthopedics Specialist
2016 - 2017 Çerkezköy State Hospital-Orthopedics Specialist / Attending Physician
2017 - 2018 Çorlu State Hospital-Orthopedics Specialist
2018 - 2022 Maltepe University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology - Dr. Lect. / Associate Prof. Dr.
2022-Still Liv Hospital Vadistanbul - Associate Prof.Dr.
اقرأ المزيدOrthopaedics Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University.
Hand and Microsurgery Department of Orthopedics, Chulalongkorn University.
Our dedicated orthopedics specialist excels in hand surgery through precision, compassion, and cutting-edge techniques, delivering transformative results.
At Menness, we offer personalised programs and unwavering support to help you feel comfortable and confident in your own. Our specialised team provides safe and effective solutions tailored to your needs, ensuring the best results for all your health concerns. We strive to offer all services with privacy and aim to provide the most comfortable and best experience for you.
تكلفة استشارة الطبيب | السعر عند الطلب |
العلاج بالخلايا الجذعية للركبتين | $285.15 - $2851.54 |
Work Experience:
• 2011-2014 (Haziran) Kütahya Tavşanlı Doç. Dr. Mustafa Kalemli Hospital
• 2014(Haziran)-2019 ( Haziran) Kütahya Özel Anadolu Hospital
• 2019- 2020 İstanbul Arnavutköy Hosptial
• 2020- 2023 Özel İstanbul Şafak Hospital
• 2024 -halen OrtoCare Clinic
Education:
▪ 1989-1993 Erzurum High School
▪ 1993-1994 İzmir 60. Yıl High School
▪ 1994-1997 İzmir 60. Yıl High School
▪ 1997-2004 Dokuz Eylül University Medicine Faculty
▪ 2005-2011 Dokuz Eylül Universtiy Orthopaedics and Traumatology Department
Profesional Experience:
• Joint and Cartilage Surgery and Stem Cell treatment
• Sports Medicine and Joint Arthroscopy
• Joint Arhtroplasty (knee- hip-shoulder prothesis)
• Hand Surgery and Microsurgery
• Spinal Surgery
• Traumatolgy
Postgraduate Education:
• 2006 Orthopaedic Trauma Course
• 2008 Monolateral Eksternal Fixator Course
• 2009 Prof. Dr. Rıdvan Ege Han Surgery Course
• 2009 Advanced Orthoapedic Trauma Course
• 2009 Based Arthroscopy Course
• 2010 AO Trauma Course ( Principles in Operative Fracture Treatment)
• 2010 3.Based İntrameduller Nailing Course
• 2011 AO Trauma Course (Advances in Operative Fracture Treatment)
• 2011 2. Advanced İntrameduller Nailing Course
• 2011 XII. Advanced Artrhroscopy Course
• 2012 Ankle Arthroscopy Course
• 2012 Shoulder Artrhroscopy Course
• 2013 AO Trauma Masters Course
• 2013 Knee Arthroplasty and Revision Arthroplasty Course ( Viyana/ Avusturya)
• 2015 Primer and Revision Knee Artrhroplasty Course( Arthroschool Courses)
• 2016 Master Knee Arthroscopy Course ( Acıbadem Univ./ İstanbul )
• 2020 Live lig spinall instrumentation kursu (Medtronic İstanbul)
Congress and Symposiums
• 2002 Eğitim Programı Geliştirme Sempozyumu
• 2004 III. National Medicine Education Congress
• 2017 National Medicine Student Congress
• 2008 8th İnternational Turkish Spine Congress
• 2009 XXI. National Orthopaedy and Traumatology Congress
• 2010 12. National Hand and Upper Extremity Surgery Congress
• 2001 II. National Medicine Education Congress
• 2011 XXII. National Orthopaedy and Traumatology Congress
• 2012 10. ArthroplastyWinter Congress
• 2012 13th European Federation of National Associations of Orthopaedics and Traumatology Congress
• 2012 13. National Hand and Upper Extremity Surgery Congress
• 2013 Osteosynthese İnternational 2013
• 2013 14th European Federation of National Associations of Orthopaedics and Traumatology Congress
• 2014 10th Central European Orthopaedic Congress
• 2014 24. National Orthopaedy and Traumatology Congress
• 2015 25, National Orthopaedy and Traumatology Congress
• 2016 26. National Orthopaedy and Traumatology Congress
• 2017 Eurospine 2017 Congress Ireland
Bibliography:
• 2011 XXII. Ulusal Türk Ortopedi ve Travmatoloji Kongresi Poster Bildirisi (İNTRAMEDULLER
ÇİVİLEME YÖNTEMİ İLE OPERE EDİLEN TİBİA CİSİM KIRIKLI HASTALARIN TAKİBİNDE
KULLANILAN RADYOGRAFİK KAYNAMA SKORLAMA SİSTEMİNİN GÜVENİLİRLİĞİNİN
HASTA KLİNİĞİ İLE DOĞRULANMASI )
• 2013 Osteosynthese İnternational 2013 and İntramedullary Nailing Courses Oral Presentation
(F1.4 Verification of the reliability of the radiographic union score for tibial fractures in
the follow-up of patients with tibia corpus fractures operated via the intramedullary
nailing technique using the patients’ clinical condition. E. Cekic1, E. Alici2,)
• 2014 10th Central European Orthopaedic Congress Oral Presentation ( The Reliability of
Radiographic Union Score).
• Reliability of the Radiographic Union Score for Tibial Fractures Acta Orthop Traumatol Turc
2014;48(5):533-540 doi: 10.3944/AOTT.2014.14.002
• Prediction of tibial nonunion at the 6-week time point Keir A. Ross, Kevin O’Halloran, Renan C.
Castillo, Max Coale, Justin Fowler, Jason W. Nascone, Marcus F. Sciadini, Christopher T. LeBrun,
Theodore T. Manson, Anthony R. Carlini, Josef E. Jolissaint, Robert V. O’Toole*
• Reprodutibilidade do escore radiográfico de consolidac¸ão das fraturas da tíbia (RUST) Fernando
Antonio Silva de Azevedo Filhoa,b,∗, Ricardo Britto Cotiasa, Matheus Lemos Azib e Armando Augusto
de Almeida Teixeiraa
• Does weight-bearing assignment after intramedullary nail placement alter healing of tibial shaft
fractures? D.A. Greenhilla,∗, M. Poormanb, C. Pinkowskib, F.V. Ramseyb, C. Haydela
• Will My Tibial Fracture Heal? Predicting Nonunion at the Time of Definitive Fixation Based on
Commonly Available Variables
Kevin O’Halloran MD, Max Coale BA, Timothy Costales BS,Timothy Zerhusen Jr BS, Renan C. Castillo PhD,
Jason W. Nascone MD,Robert V. O’Toole MD
• Feasibility and Value of Radiographic Union Score Hip Fracture after Treatment with Intramedullary
Nail of Stable Hip Fractures
• Image quality of cone beam computed tomography for evaluation of extremity fractures in the presence
of metalhardware: visual grading characteristics analysis
1GREG M OSGOOD, MD, 2GAURAV K THAWAIT, MD, 2NIMA HAFEZI-NEJAD, MD,
2DELARAM SHAKOOR, MD,1ADAM SHANER, MD, 3JOHN YORKSTON, PhD, 4WOJCIECH B
ZBIJEWSKI, PhD, 4JEFFREY H SIEWERDSEN, PhDand 2SHADPOUR DEMEHRI, MD
• Correlation Between RUST Assessments of Fracture Healing to Structural
and Biomechanical Properties
Margaret E. Cooke,1 Amira I. Hussein,1 Kyle E. Lybrand,1 Alexander Wulff,1 Erin Simmons,1
Jeffrey H. Choi,1 Jody Litrenta,1William M. Ricci,2 Jason W. Nascone,3 Robert V. O’Toole,3 Elise F.
Morgan,4 Louis C. Gerstenfeld,1 Paul Tornetta III1
• EXPLORING PROGNOSTIC FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH
ADVERSE OUTCOMES IN PATIENTS WITH FRACTURES OF THE
TIBIAL SHAFT
By RAMAN MUNDI, MD, BHSc
A Thesis Submitted to the School of Graduate Studies in Partial Fulfillment of the
Requirements for the Degree Master of Science
McMaster University
• Value of a radiographic score for the assessment of healing of nailed femoral
and tibial shaft fractures: A retrospective preliminary study
Vasiliki Perlepea,⁎, Andrea Ceratoa, Dan Putineanua, Celine Buglib, Guy Heynend,
Patrick Omoumia,c, Bruno Vande Berga
About me
I graduated from Izmir Dokuz Eylul University with the orthopedics branch. After I graduated, I carried out some
studies focusing on especially on
joint and cartilage surgery and stem cells. In this, I worked with many professional and amateur sport clubs. Also,
I worked on joint replacement surgery
for further aged people. Approximately, I achieved 10 thousand people who took knee and hip replacement
surgery from me. I attended to many international conferences about joint and cartilage surgery. Now I start
Ortocare Clinic for orthopedics and health center. In here, I treat my patients using the most advanced
technologies in the world, such as foot health centers, electromagnetic therapy, cryocabin therapy, backup
therapy and stem cell therapy. In our clinic, I continue to my work on non-surgical treatments, especially antiaging
treatment, and to eliminate pain problems in patients. On top of that, I also carry out some post-operative
rehabilitation and medical plates exercises.
اقرأ المزيد
Jefe de Enseñanza Hospital Regional de Puerto Vallarta
2020-2023
Encargada de expediente clínico en Hospital Regional de Puerto Vallarta 2 meses 2020
Médico general en consultorio médico particular
2015-2022
Medico a cargo de clínica para control de peso
2013-2014
Asistente médico en clínica dermatológica
2008-2013
Asistente Medico en procedimientos Dermatológicos.
Asistente Medico en procedimientos quirúrgicos mínimo invasivos
Operación de máquina de laser fraccionado - IPIXEL-ER y
rejuvenecimiento facial con IPL.
Experiencia en depilación láser con Luz Pulsada Intensa y
radiofrecuencia
Experiencia con cavitación ultrasónica
Experiencia con máquina de fototerapia con luz ultravioleta (UV) para el
tratamiento de psoriasis y vitíligo.
Experiencia asistiendo en procedimientos de Botox y Rellenos.
Biomagneta certificada por Instituto superior de biomagnetismo
medico ISAAC GOIZ DURAN
Experiencia en expediente clínico
Capacitación en formación continua y desarrollo profesional docent
اقرأ المزيد
Faculty of Medicine Hacettepe School of Medicine (1994-2001)
Specialty training: Istanbul Training and Research Hospital (2002-2008)
In 2015, he was awarded the title of Associate Professor.
On February 01, 2021, he was promoted to Professor.
Professional Positions:
• Consultant MD, Balıkesir Military Hospital (2008-2009)
• Consultant MD, Şanlıurfa Training and Research Hospital (2009-2011)
• Assistant Professor MD, Dicle University, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology (2011-2017)
• Associate Professor MD, Istanbul Medipol University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology (2017-2020)
• Professor MD, Istanbul Medipol University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology (2021 – Ongoing)
اقرأ المزيدACADEMIC BACKGROUND
CERTIFICATIONS
PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE
SOCIAL ASSISTANCE EXPERIENCE
MAIN DISTINCTIONS
تكلفة استشارة الطبيب | السعر عند الطلب |
العلاج بالخلايا الجذعية للركبتين | $9200 - $41600 |
EDUCATION | |
2017 | Certificate for ROBOTIC ASSISTED SPINE SURGERY FLORIDA HOSPITAL, NICLOLSON CENTER FLORIDA, UNITED OF AMERICA |
2017 | Certificate of attainment for a Clinical Training Course for the Treatment of Osteoarthrosis and Muscular Skeletal Conditions using PRP and STEM CELL Therapy at SureCell Melbourne Australia |
2003 - 2004 | Fellowship in Hip and Knee Reconstructions, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA |
2000 - 2003 | Fellowship in Spine Surgery, UC Davis, School of Medicine, California, USA |
| |
1990 - 2000 | Certificate Spine Fellowship, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand |
PUBLICATION | |
|
اقرأ المزيد
bones and joints diploma
Orthopedic surgeon
educational record
Educational qualification
educational institution
Bachelor of Medicine
Perpetual Medical University, Philippines medicine
Department of Orthopedic Surgery
Arthoscopy surgeon at Thammasat University Hospital
Spine surgeon Rajavithi Hospital
spine surgeon at Poulo Memorial hospital
Arthroscopic surgeon at Vimut Vipavadi hospital
stem cell therapy surgeon at ID medical center the leading stem cell treatment for Arthritis and knee pain , joint pain ,back pain
اقرأ المزيدDr. Alireza Soltanzadeh, born in Iran in 1969, is an esteemed anesthesiology and reanimation specialist with over 25 years of experience in critical care, cardiac anesthesia, and algology. After graduating from Urmia University of Medical Sciences in 1995, he quickly specialized in anesthesiology and critical care, beginning his practice abroad in 1998. Furthering his expertise, he completed a fellowship in cardiac anesthesia at Istanbul’s Çapa Medical Faculty and the Siyami Ersek Cardiovascular Center in 2006 and trained in pain management (algology) in 2013. His extensive knowledge in these fields makes him a vital asset to the medical community.
Dr. Soltanzadeh has held pivotal roles throughout his career, including a five-year tenure as Chief Physician at a state hospital in Iran. He has enriched his medical education by completing specialized courses in Germany and continues to be an active member of numerous international anesthesiology and medical societies. Since 2018, he has practiced in Istanbul, contributing his expertise to the private sector and currently serves in the Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation at Istanbul Okan University Hospital.
Fluent in multiple languages, including English, Farsi, Turkish, Azeri, Kurdish, German, and Arabic, Dr. Soltanzadeh’s professional interests extend to ozone therapy, digital medical device innovation, and enhanced patient safety during anesthesia. His research contributions are recognized internationally, with numerous publications and presentations at renowned anesthesia and pain management congresses worldwide. Dr. Soltanzadeh remains committed to advancing medical standards in his field and continuously expanding his clinical and research expertise.
اقرأ المزيد