أفضل التوتة أطباء الأورام - توب -86 أطباء

2017: Oticon Medical Scientific Center Copenhagen Denmark.
2016: ICLO Teaching Center New Endoscopic Approaches to Lateral Skull Base, Inner Ear and Cerebello-Pontine Angle, Verona Italy
2016: World Hearing Center, Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing, Warsaw,Poland
2015: Cochlear Science and Research Center Berlin Germany.
2014: Cochlear implant Center Medel Company Innsburck, Austria.
2014: Hannover Medical School. Clinic for Laryngology, Rhinology and Otology, Hannover, Germany
2014: Academy of Hearing Aid Acoustics (Akademie für Hörgerate-Akustik), Lübeck, Germany.
2013: International European Sialendoscopy Training Center, Geneva, Switzerland.
2012: University clinic of ORL, Head and Neck Surgery, klinikum der Universitat, Munchen, Germany.
2012: University clinic of ORL, Head and Neck Surgery, Bern, Switzerland.
2011: University clinic of ORL, Head and Neck Surgery, klinikum der Universitat, Munchen, Germany.
2007: The Ohio State University, Medical Faculty, Department of Otolaryngology, Division of Otology and Neurotology. Columbus, Ohio, USA.
2006: University of Würzburg, Department of Otolaryngology, Division of Otology and Neurotology. Würzburg, Germany.
1999-2003 İnönü Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Kulak Burun Boğaz Anabilim Dalı
1993-1999 İstanbul Üniversitesi Cerrahpaşa Tıp Fakültesi

Turkish Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery Association

Turkish Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery Foundation

Turkish Rhinology Society

Tigris-Euphrates Basin Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery Association

Gaziantep Otorhinolaryngology Association

Turkish Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery Qualification Board

Turkish Otology Association

Malatya Otorhinolaryngology Association

American Academy of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery

Mediterranean Society of Otology and Audiology

International Vertigo Association

PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE

2011-2012
Erzurum Koprukoyu State Hospital
Department: General Medicine

2012-2017
Istanbul University Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty
Department: Internal Medicine

06/2017-10/2017
Istanbul Gaziosmanpasa Taksim Training and Research Hospital
Department: Internal Medicine

10/2017-11/2018
Istanbul University Istanbul Medical Faculty
Department: Allergy and Immunology Fellowship

2018/2022
Istanbul University Oncology Institute
Department: Medical Oncology Fellowship

2022-2023
Tekirdag City Hospital
Department: Medical Oncology Specialist

2023-present
Istanbul Medipol University Medipol Bahcelievler Private Hospital
Department: Medical Oncology Assoc. Prof.

EDUCATION

2005-2011
Medical Education
Sivas Cumhuriyet University Medical Faculty, Sivas, Turkey

2012-2017
Internal Medicine
Istanbul University Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey

2017-2018
Allergy-Immunology Fellowship
Istanbul University Istanbul Medical Faculty
Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Istanbul, Turkey

2018-2022
Medical Oncology Fellowship
Istanbul University Oncology Institute, Department of Medical Oncology, Istanbul, Turkey

2022
ESMO Board Certification in Medical Oncology
10th September 2022 in Paris, France.

2023
Medical Oncology Assoc. Prof.
Istanbul Medipol University Department of Medical Oncology, Istanbul, Turkey

INTERNATIONAL CLINICAL TRIALS:

1. Astefania - ROCHE

• Title: A Study Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of Adjuvant Atezolizumab or Placebo and Trastuzumab Emtansine for Participants With HER2-Positive Breast Cancer at High Risk of Recurrence Following Preoperative Therapy
• Role: Subinvestigator

2. PFİZER

• Title: A Study Of Lorlatinib Versus Crizotinib In First-Line Treatment Of Patients With ALK-Positive NSCLC
• Role: Subinvestigator

3. RECITE - AMGEN

• Title: Study of Romiplostim for Chemotherapy-induced Thrombocytopenia in Adult Subjects With Gastrointestinal, Pancreatic, or Colorectal Cancer
• Role: Subinvestigator

4. NAVIGATE - BAYER

• Title: A Study to Test the Effect of the Drug Larotrectinib in Adults and Children With NTRK-fusion Positive Solid Tumors
• Role: Subinvestigator

5. RUBY - Tesaro (PRA)

• Title: A Phase 3, Randomized, Double-blind, Multicenter Study of Dostarlimab (TSR-042) Plus Carboplatin-paclitaxel Versus Placebo Plus Carboplatin-paclitaxel in Patients With Recurrent or Primary Advanced Endometrial Cancer
• Role: Subinvestigator

6. ENGOT-ov43/GOG-3036 - MSD

• Title: Study of Chemotherapy With Pembrolizumab (MK-3475) Followed by Maintenance With Olaparib (MK-7339) for the First-Line Treatment of Women With BRCA Non-mutated Advanced Epithelial Ovarian Cancer (EOC) (MK-7339-001/KEYLYNK001/ENGOT-ov43/GOG-3036)
• Role: Subinvestigator

7. ASTRA ZENECA

• Title: To Study Clinical Effectiveness and Safety of Olaparib Monotherapy in Metastatic Breast Cancer Patients.
• Role: Subinvestigator

8. ROSY-O - ASTRA ZENECA

• Title: Roll Over StudY for Patients Who Have Completed a Previous Oncology Study With Olaparib
• Role: Subinvestigator
•  

INTERNATIONAL PUBLICATIONS

I. Published journal articles indexed by SCI, SSCI, and AHCI

Weekly Paclitaxel in Classic Kaposi Sarcoma

• Authors: Paksoy, N., Khanmammadov, N., Doğan, İ., Ferhatoğlu, F., Ahmed, M. A., Karaman, S., & Aydiner, A.
• Journal: Medicine, 102(5)

Carboplatin Desensitization in Ovarian Carcinoma

• Authors: Paksoy, N., Khanmammadov, N., Doğan, İ., Ferhatoğlu, F., Yildiz, A., Ak, N., & Aydiner, A.
• Journal: Medicine, 101(45), e31726

High-Dose Chemotherapy for Ewing’s Sarcoma

• Authors: Paksoy, N., Ferhatoglu, F., Dogan, İ., Khanmammadov, N., Celik, A. I., Gulbas, Z., & Başaran, M.
• Journal: Medicine, 101(49), e32213

Multidrug Refractory TFE3(+) Renal Cell Carcinoma

• Authors: Paksoy, Nail, et al.
• Journal: Journal of Oncology Pharmacy Practice, 2022, 28.1: 215-221

Crizotinib Efficacy in NSCLC with MET Alterations

• Authors: Gürbüz, M., Kiliçkap, S., Bilici, A., Karadurmuş, N., Sezer, A., Şendur, M. A. N., ... & Demirkazik, A.
• Journal: Medicine, 101(50), e32368

Clinicopathological Features in ALK Mutant NSCLC

• Authors: Dogan, I., Gurbuz, M., Paksoy, N., Ferhatoglu, F., Vatansever, S., Saip, P., ... & Aydiner, A.
• Journal: Medicine, 101(34)

PSMA-Based Tumor Burden in Prostate Cancer

• Authors: HAS SIMSEK, Duygu, et al.
• Journal: Annals of Nuclear Medicine, 2021, 35.6: 680-690

Atezolizumab in Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma

• Authors: TURAL, Deniz, et al.
• Journal: European Urology Focus, 2021, 7.5: 1061-1066

Pulmonary Sarcomatoid Carcinoma

• Authors: FERHATOGLU, Ferhat, et al.
• Journal: Oncology Research and Treatment, 2021, 44.11: 590-601

Prognostic Factors in Atezolizumab-Treated Urothelial Carcinoma

• Authors: TURAL, Deniz, et al.
• Journal: International Journal of Clinical Oncology, 2021, 26.8: 1506-1513

Atezolizumab with Chemotherapy in Small Cell Lung Cancer

• Authors: GÜRBÜZ, Mustafa, et al.
• Journal: Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology, 2022, 1-9

FOLFIRINOX vs. Gemcitabine + Nab-Paclitaxel in Pancreatic Cancer

• Authors: AY, Seval, et al.
• Journal: Journal of Chemotherapy, 2022, 1-7

Trastuzumab Emtansine in Older HER2-Positive Breast Cancer Patients

• Authors: CIL, Ibrahim, et al.
• Journal: Tumori Journal, 2022, 108.1: 19-25

Real-Life Efficacy of Osimertinib in Advanced NSCLC

• Authors: HIZAL, Mutlu, et al.
• Journal: Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology, 2022, 148.6: 1501-1508

ALK-Positive Cells Percentage and Alectinib Efficacy

• Authors: Hizal, M., Bilgin, B., Paksoy, N., Atcı, M. M., Kahraman, S., Kılıçkap, S., ... & Şendur, M. A. N.
• Journal: Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology, 149(8), 4141-4148

Real-World Data on Alectinib in ALK-Positive NSCLC

• Authors: Hizal, M., Bilgin, B., Paksoy, N., Kılıçkap, S., Atcı, M. M., Kahraman, S., ... & Şendur, M. A. N.
• Journal: Future Oncology, 18(23), 2573-2582

Prognostic Factors in Metastatic RCC with T790M Mutation

• Authors: Dogan, I., Iribas, A., Paksoy, N., Vatansever, S., & Basaran, M.
• Journal: Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics

FLOT Regimen in Metastatic Gastric Cancer

• Authors: Tastekin, D., Paksoy, N., Dogan, I., Ferhatoglu, F., Khanmammadov, N., Bozbey, H. U., & Karabulut, S.
• Journal: Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics

Desensitization Protocol in Lenalidomide Hypersensitivity Reactions

• Authors: DEMIR, Semra, et al.
• Journal: Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology, 2019, 123.4: 394-397

Factors Associated with Diagnostic Skin Test Positivity in PPI Hypersensitivity

• Authors: ÖZDEMIR, Seçil Kepil, et al.
• Journal: Allergy, 2019, 74.6: 1187-1190

Efficacy of Capecitabine and Temozolomide in Neuroendocrine Tumors

• Authors: Ünal, Ç., Azizy, A., Karabulut, S., Taştekin, D., Akyıldız, A., Yaşar, S., ... & Sağlam, S.
• Journal: The Oncologist, oyad257

Subsequent Treatments in Hormone-Positive Breast Cancer Progression

• Authors: Karacin, C., Oksuzoglu, B., Demirci, A., Keskinkılıç, M., Baytemür, N. K., Yılmaz, F., ... & Hacıbekiroğlu, İ.
• Journal: BMC cancer, 23(1), 192

Termination of Trastuzumab in HER2-Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer

• Authors: Dogan, I., Aydin, E., Khanmammadov, N., Paksoy, N., Saip, P., & Aydiner, A.
• Journal: Scientific Reports, 13(1), 8779

Long-term Outcomes and Predictors of Recurrence in Node-Negative Early Stage Breast Cancer

• Authors: Dogan, I., Aydin, E., Khanmammadov, N., Paksoy, N., Ferhatoğlu, F., Ak, N., ... & Aydiner, A.
• Journal: Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology, 1-9

Prognostic Factors Influencing PFS in HER2-Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer

• Authors: Doğan, İ., Paksoy, N., Ak, N., Vatansever, S., Saip, P., & Aydıner, A.
• Journal: European Journal of Breast Health, 19(2), 128

Treatment Efficacy of Ribociclib or Palbociclib plus Letrozole in Metastatic Breast Cancer

• Authors: Kahraman, S., Erul, E., Seyyar, M., Gumusay, O., Bayram, E., Demirel, B. C., ... & Nahit Sendur, M. A.
• Journal: Future Oncology, 19(10), 727-736

Efficacy and Safety of Sorafenib in Adult Metastatic Osteosarcoma Patients

• Authors: Dogan, I., Paksoy, N., & Basaran, M.
• Journal: Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics

Single-Agent Temozolomide as Salvage Therapy in Heavily Pretreated Metastatic Sarcoma Patients

• Authors: Dogan, I., Paksoy, N., & Basaran, M.
• Journal: Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics

Outcomes and Prognostic Factors in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma with Brain Metastases

• Authors: Dogan, I., Iribas, A., Paksoy, N., Vatansever, S., & Basaran, M.
• Journal: Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics

FLOT Regimen in First-Line Treatment of Metastatic Gastric Cancer

• Authors: Tastekin, D., Paksoy, N., Dogan, I., Ferhatoglu, F., Khanmammadov, N., Bozbey, H. U., & Karabulut, S.
• Journal: Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics

Prognostic Factors of Perioperative FLOT Regimen in Operable Gastric Cancer

• Authors: Erol, C., Sakin, A., Basoglu, T., Ozden, E., Cabuk, D., Dogan, M., ... & Sendur, M. A. N.
• Journal: [Not specified]

Efficacy and Outcomes of Systemic Chemotherapy in Posttransplant Kaposi Sarcoma

• Authors: Khanmammadov, N., Paksoy, N., Doğan, I., Ferhatoğlu, F., Saip, P., & Aydiner, A.
• Journal: Medicine, 102(39), e35383

Comparison of Second-Line Treatments in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma

• Authors: Pehlivan, M., Paksoy, N., Aydin, E., Basaran, M., & Ekenel, M.
• Journal: Medicine, 102(41), e35245

Toxicity Management and Effectiveness of Regorafenib in Advance GIST Patients: A Real-world Study - Authors: Paksoy, N., Ferhatoğlu, F., Doğan, İ., Khanmammadov, N., Bozbey, H. U., Karabulut, S., & Taştekin, D. - Journal: TURKISH JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY, 1(1)

Demographic and Clinical Features and Factors Associated with Survival in Patients with Primary Glomerulonephritis: Single Tertiary Center Experience - Authors: Paksoy, N., Trabulus, S., Seyahi, N., & Altiparmak, M. R. - Journal: Namik Kemal Tip Dergisi, 11(1)

Efficacy of Sorafenib in Symptomatic Patients with Pretreated Progressive Desmoid Tumors - Authors: Paksoy, N., Ferhatoglu, F., Dogan, I., Ak, N., Pehlivan, M., Ekenel, M., & Basaran, M.

Nodal Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy is a Better Predictive Factor of Survival Than Miller-Payne Scoring in Breast Cancer - Authors: Ak, Naziye, et al. - Journal: Journal of Oncological Sciences, 7.2: 42-49

Evaluation of Prognostic and Predictive Values of Hemogram Parameters in Patients with Advanced Stage Ovarian Carcinoma - Authors: Ak, Naziye, et al. - Journal: Turkish Journal of Oncology/Türk Onkoloji Dergisi, 2021, 36.4

Identifying Risk Factors Associated with Survival and Drug-Related Toxicities in Imatinib-Resistant Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor (GIST) Patients Treated with Sunitinib - Authors: Ferhatoglu, F., Karabulut, S., Paksoy, N., & Tastekin, D.

Real-life Outcomes of ROS1 Fusion-positive Metastatic Lung Cancer Patients who were Treated with Crizotinib - Authors: Dogan, İ., Khanmammadov, N., Paksoy, N., Ferhatoglu, F., Aydın, E., Vatansever, S., & Aydine, A. - Journal: TURK ONKOLOJI DERGISI-TURKISH JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY

Predictors of the acquisition of T790M mutation in EGFR-mutant metastatic lung cancer patients who were treated with EGFR inhibitors - Authors: Dogan, I., Khanmammadov, N., Paksoy, N., Vatansever, S., Saip, P., & Aydıner, A. - Journal: Eurasian Journal of Pulmonology

Laterality of Adrenal Gland Metastasis in Lung Cancer: Results of a Comparative Study - Authors: Ferhatoglu, F., Gagatay, T., Okumus, G., Aydiner, A., Paksoy, N., Ak, N., ... & Saip, P. - Journal: Eurasian Journal of Medical Investigation, 7(2)

Poor Risk Factors Affecting Cancer Patients Infected with Covid-19: A Retrospective Comparative Study from a Pandemic Hospital - Authors: Ferhatoglu, F., Kapağan, T., Paksoy, N., Ak, N., Medetalibeyoğlu, A., Şenkal, N., ... & Vatansever, S. - Journal: Turk Onkoloji Dergisi, 38(1)

Systemic Treatment Outcomes of Progressive Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma from the Registries of a Tertiary Cancer Center - Authors: Ferhatoglu, F., Paksoy, N., & Başaran, M. - Journal: Namik Kemal Tip Dergisi, 10(4)

Evaluation of clinical features and risk factors related to late recurrence (> 5 years) in patients with breast cancer - Authors: Ferhatoglu, F., Aydiner, A., & Paksoy, N. - Journal: Journal of Surgery & Medicine (JOSAM), 6(12)

Assessing the Clinical Impact of Lutetium-177 DOTATATE Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy (PRRT) on Metastatic Neuroendocrine Tumors: A Multicenter Real-World Data from Türkiye

Thesis:

Istanbul University Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, Internal Medicine Department PAKSOY, Nail. Demographical, clinical characteristics and survival factors in patients withprimary glomerulonephritis: Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty Experience. (2016)

International Refereed Congress / Symposium Publications in Proceedings (ASCO/ESMO Abstracts)

Prognostic factors influencing progression-free survival in HER2 positive metastatic breast cancer patients who treated with lapatinib and capecitabine combination

• Authors: Dogan, I., Paksoy, N., Ak, N., Vatansever, S., Saip, P., & Aydiner, A. (2022)

Efficacy of regorafenib and 5-fluorouracil-based rechallenge treatment in the third-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer: A Turkish oncology group study

• Authors: Şenocak Taşçi, E., Oyan, B., Sonmez, O., Mutlu, A. U., Atcı, M. M., Oner, I., ... & Gulmez, A. (2022)

Long-term outcomes and predictors of recurrence in patients with early-stage node-negative breast cancer

• Authors: Dogan, I., Aydin, E., Paksoy, N., Ferhatoglu, F., Ak, N., Ibis, K., ... & Aydiner, A. (2021)

Efficacy of temozolomide in pretreated patients with metastatic sarcoma

• Authors: Paksoy, N., Dogan, I., Ekenel, M., & Basaran, M. (2021)

Efficacy of sorafenib in symptomatic patients with pretreated progressive desmoid tumors

• Authors: Ferhatoglu, F., Paksoy, N., Dogan, I., Ak, N., Pehlivan, M., Ekenel, M., & Basaran, M. (2021)

Efficacy of sorafenib in heavily pretreated adult patients with metastatic osteosarcoma

• Authors: Paksoy, N., Dogan, I., Ekenel, M., & Basaran, M. (2021)

Outcomes and prognostic factors in metastatic renal cell carcinoma patients with brain metastases

• Authors: Dogan, İ., Iribas, A., Paksoy, N., Ekenel, M., Vatansever, S., & Basaran, M. (2021)

Association of response to first-line chemotherapy with the efficacy of atezolizumab in patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma

• Authors: Tural, D., Olmez, O. F., Sümbül, A. T., Artac, M., Ozhan, N., Akar, E., ... & Erman, M. (2021)

Safety and survival in adult women with platinum-sensitive relapsed BRCA mutant ovarian cancer: A study of patients in Olaparib Turkey Early Access Program—LynTurk study

• Authors: Esin, E., Ahmed, M. A., Yıldırım, H. Ç., Mandel, N. M., Erdemoglu, E., Sari, M., ... & Paydas, S. (2023)

Atezolizumab in patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma who have progressed after first-line chemotherapy: Results of real-life experiences

• Authors: Tural, D., Ölmez, Ö. F., Sümbül, A. T., Artaç, M., Özhan, N., Akar, E., ... & Kılıçkap, S. (2021)

أخصائي أشعة. استمع إلى معهد الأشعة التشخيصية والتداخلية

مرخص أخصائي علاج الأورام بالإشعاع مع 8 سنوات من التدريب الطبي ، بما في ذلك الدراسات الجامعية في كلية الطب بجامعة مرمرة (2004-2011) والتدريب المتخصص في علاج الأورام بالإشعاع في كلية الطب بجامعة مرمرة (2012-2016). التعليم السابق من مدرسة Sixteen Numbered Shirvan School (أذربيجان) الثانوية (1998-2004).

الدكتور راج هو طبيب أورام جراحي ذو خبرة عالية ولديه 19 عامًا من الخبرة وأكثر من 50000 عملية جراحية للسرطان. يشارك في العديد من التجارب السريرية وله العديد من المنشورات الدولية والوطنية لحسابه. وهو متخصص في جراحة أورام الثدي والصدر ويعمل كأستاذ في DNB للتخصصات الفائقة في جراحة الأورام وجراحة الثدي في جامعة ماهاراشترا للعلوم الصحية. إيمانه هو "إضافة الحياة إلى سنوات" وتحسين نوعية الحياة ، وليس فقط إضافة سنوات إلى الحياة.

Associate Professor Dr. Emrah Eraslan graduated from Ankara University Faculty of Medicine in 2005. From 2006 to 2011, he worked as a research assistant in the Department of Internal Medicine at Ankara University Faculty of Medicine and became an internal medicine specialist in 2011. Between 2011 and 2013, he worked as an internal medicine specialist and chief physician at Dr. Nafiz Körez Sincan State Hospital and Palu District State Hospital. From 2013 to 2016, he received medical oncology training at Dr. Abdurrahman Yurtaslan Ankara Oncology Education and Research Hospital and worked there until 2021. In 2023, he became an associate professor and contributed to his field with his publications throughout his career. He currently serves his patients at Koru Ankara Hospital. His medical interests include:

Breast Cancer

Prostate Cancer

Lung Cancer

Colorectal Cancer

Stomach Cancer

Ovarian Cancer

الدكتور أشكين شيكر هو جراح أعصاب يحظى باحترام كبير ولديه أكثر من 23 عامًا من الخبرة والعديد من الجوائز والإنجازات. لديه اهتمامات في جراحة قاعدة الجمجمة بالمنظار ، وتشريح الأعصاب ، وجراحة الأعصاب الوظيفية ، واضطرابات الحركة ، وجراحة العمود الفقري ، وفتق القرص ، وفتق الرقبة ، والجراحات التنظيرية. وهو عضو في العديد من المنظمات المهنية وله 47 مقالة منشورة في مجلات دولية تابعة لـ SCI ، وأوراق مقدمة في 33 اجتماعًا علميًا دوليًا ، و 10 مقالات في مجلات وطنية ، وكتب فصولًا لكتابين دوليين.

الدكتور X هو طبيب أورام طبي يتمتع بخبرة تزيد عن 30 عامًا. حصل على تعليم طبي من جامعة اسطنبول وتخصص في الطب الباطني وتخصص طب الأورام من معهد الأورام بجامعة اسطنبول. وهو عضو في جمعية الأورام الطبية ، وجمعية سرطان الرئة ، و ESMO ، و ASCO ، وغرفة اسطنبول الطبية.

أخصائي الأورام الطبي ذو الخبرة في سرطان الرئة والثدي والقولون والمستقيم والمعدة والكبد والكلى والبنكرياس والمعدة والبروستاتا والرحم. من ذوي الخبرة في العلاج الكيميائي ، والعلاج المناعي ، والعلاج بالنباتات ، والعلاج بالأوزون ، والعلاج الكيميائي عالي الحرارة ، وسرطان نظم المعلومات الجغرافية ، وأمراض النساء وسرطان الجهاز البولي التناسلي. عضو في مجموعة الأورام التركية ، وجمعية الأورام الطبية ، والجمعية التركية لأبحاث السرطان والحرب ، والجمعية الأوروبية لطب الأورام الطبي ، والجمعية الأوروبية لأورام أمراض النساء ، والرابطة الدولية لدراسة سرطان الرئة.