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Benign tumors often stay controlled long term; high-grade tumors may recur.","revision_rate_pct":null,"scars":"None; no incisions.","sessions_or_stages":{"sessions":{"min":25,"max":30,"unit":"visits","qualifier":"Daily weekday fractions over about 5-6 weeks for conventional post-operative glioma schedule."},"stages":[{"code":"planning","label":"Simulation CT/MRI, mask fabrication and dose planning","after":{"min":0,"max":5,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Before first fraction; planning takes several days."}},{"code":"fractions","label":"Daily radiation fractions","after":{"min":5,"max":10,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Starts 5-10 days in; weekdays for about 5-6 weeks."}}],"qualifier":"Conventional fractionated course; hypofractionated schedules are shorter."},"success":{"metric":"2-year overall survival with chemoradiation","value":27,"unit":"percent","horizon":"2 years","population":"Adults with newly diagnosed glioblastoma after surgery, given radiotherapy with temozolomide","evidence_status":"proven"},"techniques":[{"name":"Fractionated external-beam radiotherapy (IMRT/VMAT/conformal, or proton therapy)","suits_whom":"Gliomas, post-operative cavities, larger or critically located tumors; delivered in daily fractions","recovery":"Outpatient; fatigue and scalp reactions develop during and after the course, varying by schedule."},{"name":"Stereotactic radiosurgery (Gamma Knife, CyberKnife, linac-based)","suits_whom":"Small, well-defined lesions such as limited brain metastases, meningioma, schwannoma, in 1 to a few sessions","recovery":"Usually outpatient with short recovery; delayed effects possible."},{"name":"Whole-brain radiotherapy","suits_whom":"Selected patients with multiple brain metastases","recovery":"Fatigue and cognitive effects may persist; varies with patient status."}],"treatment_conditions":["outpatient"],"treatment_duration_hours":{"min":0.25,"max":0.75,"unit":"hours","qualifier":"Per daily fraction, including positioning; beam-on time is a few minutes."},"initial_assessment_documents":["Brain MRI with contrast, DICOM images","Pathology or biopsy report","Molecular markers report, IDH and MGMT (if available)","Surgery operative report (if available)","Prior radiotherapy treatment summary (if available)","Latest oncologist consultation summary"],"travel_trips":{"min":1,"max":1,"one_trip_possible":true,"qualifier":"Planning and fractions done in one stay; fractionated course 5-6 weeks, radiosurgery 1-3 days. 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